Chapter 2 Flashcards
advocated a philosophy that, in a
sense, gave one part of the universe to science and the
other part to the Church. He argued that the universe is
composed of two elements.
Rene Descartes
this Claim states that there were two kinds of substance
Cartesian Dualism
behaves according to the laws of
nature and is thus a suitable object of scientific
investigation—the human body, including the brain, and
nonhuman animals .
Physical Matter
lacks physical
substance, controls human behavior, obeys no natural laws,
and is thus the appropriate purview of the Church.
Human Mind (soul, self, or spirit)
scholars have debated whether humans and
other animals inherit their behavioral capacities or acquire
them through learning. This debate is commonly referred
to as the _____
nature–nurture issue.
Most of the early North American
experimental psychologists were
totally committed to the ____
Nurture
European ethologists focused on the study of instinctive behaviors
(behaviors that occur in all like
members of a species, even when
there seems to have been no
opportunity for them to have been learned).
Nature
Title of Oliver Sack’s work related to some aspects of human
psychological functioning
The Man who Fell Out of Bed
Title of GG Gallup’s work related to some aspects of human
psychological functioning
G.G. Gallup’s research on self-awareness
in chimpanzees
a deficiency in the
awareness of parts of one’s own body.
asomatognosia
typically involves the left side of the body and usually results from damage to the right parietal lobe.
asomatognosia,
Factors other than genetics and learning that were shown to influence behavioral development;
fetal environment,
nutrition, stress, and sensory stimulation
Explain the model of the biology of behavior
All behavior is the product of interactions among three factors:
- Genetic endowment
- Experience
- Perception of the current situation
Book of Charles Darwin
On the origin of Species
The most convincing evidence of evolution comes from ____
direct observations of rapid evolution in progress
ability of an organism to survive and contribute its genes to the next generation.
Fitness
The males of many species establish a stable hierarchy of _____ through combative encounters with other males
Social Dominance
T/F
Dominant males are more likely to produce less healthy offspring
Fales. Dominant males are more likely to produce more, and more healthy offspring
Promotes the evolution of new species (a group of organisms
that is reproductively isolated from other organisms).
Courtship and display
members
of the same species
conspecific
T/F
By studying fossil records and comparing current species, we humans have looked back in time and pieced together the evolutionary history of our
species
true
An animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone.
vertebrates
animals with dorsal nerve cords – nerves along their back
chordates
first vertebrates to lay
shell-covered eggs and to be covered by dry
scales.
Reptiles
order of mammals to which humans belong.
Primates
The Latin term primus means
first/foremost
Primates of the tribe that
includes humans are _______
homonini
BIG THREE HUMAN ATTRIBUTES:
▪ Large brain
▪ Upright posture
▪ Free hands with opposable thumb
The incidental nonadaptive evolutionary by-products
Spandrels
a feature that performs a function but that was not produced by natural selection for its current use
Exaptation
