chapter 2

Question 1

Unknown Egyptians, Sumerians, Chinese, Maya, and others in this period
formulated mathematical laws, treated diseases, erected magnificent
structures, invented new materials, and mastered the art of reading the stars and planets, but their accomplishments were mostly the result of a skill set rather than a scientific discipline.

Answer 1

Ancient Period

Question 2

are credited with establishing science as an organized body of thought.

Answer 2

Lonian School of Greek philosophers and Scientific
Revolution of the 17th century

Question 3

they made a serious effort to build a logical basis for the universe

Answer 3

lonian philosophers

Question 4

They used stones as tools, and then learned how to shape stones to make
more efficient tools.

Answer 4

hominid ancestors.

Question 5

are considered to a be the first recognized technology.

Answer 5

Stone tools

Question 6

created the first stone tools.

Answer 6

australopithecines

Question 7

By chipping away at a stone tool’s
core, these_________created different hand axes (or bifaces)
and scrapers ofr choppers with only a single cutting edge.

Answer 7

African and Asian

Question 8

considered to be the earliest machine tool

Answer 8

hammerstone

Question 9

first humanoid species to have control of fire

Answer 9

homo erectus species

Question 10

situated in the region that encompasses modern day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey, holds a crucial place in the annals of human history.

Answer 10

mesopotamia

Question 11

mesopotamian flourished between the ____ and ______ rivers earning it the nickname “the between land the rivers.”

Answer 11

tigris and euphrates

Question 12

capital city of mesopotamia

Answer 12

babylon

Question 13

known for their advanced knowledge of agriculture, irrigation
“systems, and urban planning, laid the foundation for many aspects of
modern society. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and
writing systems have left an indelible mark on the development of human
civilization.

Answer 13

mesopotamia

Question 14

introduced a structured 360 days cycle calendar. a concept that
laid the foundation for future calendar systems used worldwide.

Answer 14

sumerians

Question 15

This
ingenious creation not only revolutionized transportation but also
became a fundamental building block for various forms of machinery,
enhancing productivity and trade in the region.

Answer 15

wheel

Question 16

the earliest
written laws,

Answer 16

Code of Hammurabi

Question 17

civilization, spanning from modern-day Syria in the
north to Sudan in the south, thrived along the banks of the WilesRiver, an
essential geographical feature that nurtured their prosperity and
ingenuity.

Answer 17

egyptian civilization

Question 18

They devised a 365-day calendar, a system rooted in their
combined knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.

Answer 18

egyptians

Question 19

Their
profound reverence for rulers, whom they believed transformed into
gods after death, led to elaborate practices like ______

Answer 19

mummification

Question 20

served as elaborate tombs, containing essential items believed
to necessary be for the afterlife, including pets and jewelry.

Answer 20

pyramid

Question 21

the Egyptians
starting with ______ which later evolved into _____, marking
their significant contributions to the evolution of language and
communication.

Answer 21

hieroglyphics, hieratics

Question 22

nestled alongthe”Huangnol(yellow
«River), stands as one of Asia’s earliest and most influential societies.

Answer 22

Ancient Chinese Civilization,

Question 23

the ancient Chinese
developed the______, a sophisticated timekeeping system
devised by EmperorsHuangdi

Answer 23

Lunar Calendar

Question 24

later identified as a supernova explosion formingithe:crab
Nebulas within the constellations taurus»

Answer 24

guest star

Question 25

They also pioneered groundbreaking technologies such as gunpowder, paper, printing machines, and the compass, all of which have had a transformative impact on global scientific and societal progress.

Answer 25

ancient chinese

Question 26

this ancient civilization exhibited remarkable advancements in science and technology. One of their key achievements was urban planning.

Answer 26

indus valley civilization

Question 27

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which includes the digits 0 to 9 and the decimal place value system, originated in ancient _____

Answer 27

India.

Question 28

_______ mathematicians further developed and refined the system and then introduced it to Europe, where it gradually replaced the Roman numeral ‘system, becoming the standard numerical system used worldwide today.

Answer 28

arab

Question 29

One of the key innovations of this era was the widespread use of iron. The development of iron tools and weapons revolutionized agriculture, construction, and warfare.

Answer 29

Iron Age,

Question 30

The term Mesoamerica comes from the Greek Word ______ meaning “_______

Answer 30

mesos, in the middle

Question 31

The top ofthe society are priests and nobles who lived in ceremonial centers. « Normal people lived in farming villages around the elites. « Carved colossal heads from volcanic rocks as portraits of rulers. « Invented calendar and carved hieroglyphic writing into stone. « The mother culture of Mesoamerica.

Answer 31

Olmecs ((1500 B.C.-400 B.C.)

Question 32

Developed methods of farming such as shifting agriculture and raised bed farming.

Answer 32

Mayans (300 B.C.-900 A.D.)

Question 33

Believed that illness is a punishment from the gods but still uses herbs and medicine for treatment

Answer 33

Aztecs (12-15% Century)

Question 34

aztec Built _____ or “floating ‘gardens’ to plant crops.

Answer 34

chinampas

Question 35

this term often implies a lack of intellectual and cultural advancement during this time.

Answer 35

Dark Ages"

Question 36

in this period the primary concerns were often centered around maintaining peace and building empires, leaving little room for the nurturing of centers for learning.

Answer 36

midieval

Question 37

in midieval period, windmills were primarily used for grinding grains such as wheat and corn, producing flour that was a staple of medieval diets. true or false

Answer 37

true

Question 38

often referred to as the “Rebirth,”

Answer 38

rennaisance

Question 39

the revolutionary idea that the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun,

Answer 39

heliocentrism

Question 40

heliocentrism philosopher

Answer 40

nicolaus copernicus

Question 41

a fundamental concept in physics, provided a systematic understanding of how objects move and interact,

Answer 41

laws of motion

Question 42

Five Pillars in islam

Answer 42

faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage,

Question 43

played a pivotal role in i ntroducing Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe,often hailed as father of algebra

Answer 43

Al-Khwarizmi

Question 44

father of Alchemy,

Answer 44

musa jabir ibn hayyan

Question 45

a pivotal era in 18thecenturysEurope, bore witness to a profound intellectual transformation. Writers and thinkers of this period boldly questioned deeply entrenched beliefs, challenging the authority of kings and the Church

Answer 45

age of enlightenment

Question 46

this age, representing a seismic shift in cosmological understanding. Rejecting the geocentrism proposed by Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copemicus introduced the revolutionary concept of Heliocentrism, positing that the sun was the center of the universe.

Answer 46

copernican revolution

Question 47

spearheaded by ‘Charles,Danwin, this revolution brought forth groundbreaking theories of evolution and natural selection.

Answer 47

darwinian revolution

Question 48

contributed to this transformative period with his theories on the inheritance of acquired characteristics, further enriching the discourse

Answer 48

jean Baptiste Lamarck

Question 49

theory of the human mind.

Answer 49

Sigmun freud

Question 50

During this transformative era, societies experienced unprecedented advancements driven by scientific and technological innovations.

Answer 50

industrial revolution

Question 51

Salix capensis was used for pain relief, aka?

Answer 51

aspirin

Question 52

proved effective in treating diarrhea.

Answer 52

Kaopectate

Question 53

reserpine

Answer 53

address hypertension and snake bite

Question 54

vaccination’ finds its roots in the Latin word ______ meaning cow

Answer 54

vacca

Question 55

vaccination discovery by?

Answer 55

edward jenner

Question 56

marked a period of profound transformation witnessing the rise of modern industry that reshaped the world from agriculture to technology-intensive services.

Answer 56

19th century

Question 57

19th century accordinf to Gregorian calendar and spanning from _____ to _____

Answer 57

1801 to 1900

Question 58

published his groundbreaking atomic theory,

Answer 58

John Dalton

Question 59

formulation of the Periodic Table in the mid=19thicentury provided a systematic arrangement of elements, revolutionizing the field of chemistry.

Answer 59

‘Drnitr Mendeleev

Question 60

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 60

established the Conservation law of the of Energy,

Question 61

James Clerk Maxwell's

Answer 61

revelation that light is an electromagnetic wave in

Question 62

discovery of radioactivity

Answer 62

henri becquerel

Question 63

discovery of radium

Answer 63

marie and pierre curie

Question 64

discovery of electron

Answer 64

joseph thomson

Question 65

in this era, Rapid advancements were propelled by scientific methods and substantial research funding, communication and transportation systems.

Answer 65

20th century

Question 66

personal computer pioneered by ____

Answer 66

intel

Question 67

introduction of apple

Answer 67

steve jobs and steve wozniak

Question 68

with the creation of the internet facilitating global communication, information gathering and business transactions through the ____________

Answer 68

world wide web

Question 69

mass production of automobile led by _________

Answer 69

henry ford