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chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Unknown Egyptians, Sumerians, Chinese, Maya, and others in this period
formulated mathematical laws, treated diseases, erected magnificent
structures, invented new materials, and mastered the art of reading the stars and planets, but their accomplishments were mostly the result of a skill set rather than a scientific discipline.

A

Ancient Period

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2
Q

are credited with establishing science as an organized body of thought.

A

Lonian School of Greek philosophers and Scientific
Revolution of the 17th century

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3
Q

they made a serious effort to build a logical basis for the universe

A

lonian philosophers

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4
Q

They used stones as tools, and then learned how to shape stones to make
more efficient tools.

A

hominid ancestors.

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5
Q

are considered to a be the first recognized technology.

A

Stone tools

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6
Q

created the first stone tools.

A

australopithecines

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7
Q

By chipping away at a stone tool’s
core, these_________created different hand axes (or bifaces)
and scrapers ofr choppers with only a single cutting edge.

A

African and Asian

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8
Q

considered to be the earliest machine tool

A

hammerstone

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9
Q

first humanoid species to have control of fire

A

homo erectus species

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10
Q

situated in the region that encompasses modern day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey, holds a crucial place in the annals of human history.

A

mesopotamia

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11
Q

mesopotamian flourished between the ____ and ______ rivers earning it the nickname “the between land the rivers.”

A

tigris and euphrates

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12
Q

capital city of mesopotamia

A

babylon

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13
Q

known for their advanced knowledge of agriculture, irrigation
“systems, and urban planning, laid the foundation for many aspects of
modern society. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and
writing systems have left an indelible mark on the development of human
civilization.

A

mesopotamia

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14
Q

introduced a structured 360 days cycle calendar. a concept that
laid the foundation for future calendar systems used worldwide.

A

sumerians

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15
Q

This
ingenious creation not only revolutionized transportation but also
became a fundamental building block for various forms of machinery,
enhancing productivity and trade in the region.

A

wheel

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16
Q

the earliest
written laws,

A

Code of Hammurabi

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17
Q

civilization, spanning from modern-day Syria in the
north to Sudan in the south, thrived along the banks of the WilesRiver, an
essential geographical feature that nurtured their prosperity and
ingenuity.

A

egyptian civilization

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18
Q

They devised a 365-day calendar, a system rooted in their
combined knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.

A

egyptians

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19
Q

Their
profound reverence for rulers, whom they believed transformed into
gods after death, led to elaborate practices like ______

A

mummification

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20
Q

served as elaborate tombs, containing essential items believed
to necessary be for the afterlife, including pets and jewelry.

A

pyramid

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21
Q

the Egyptians
starting with ______ which later evolved into _____, marking
their significant contributions to the evolution of language and
communication.

A

hieroglyphics, hieratics

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22
Q

nestled alongthe”Huangnol(yellow
«River), stands as one of Asia’s earliest and most influential societies.

A

Ancient Chinese Civilization,

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23
Q

the ancient Chinese
developed the______, a sophisticated timekeeping system
devised by EmperorsHuangdi

A

Lunar Calendar

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24
Q

later identified as a supernova explosion formingithe:crab
Nebulas within the constellations taurus»

A

guest star

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25
Q

They also pioneered
groundbreaking technologies such as gunpowder, paper, printing
machines, and the compass, all of which have had a transformative
impact on global scientific and societal progress.

A

ancient chinese

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26
Q

this
ancient civilization exhibited remarkable advancements in science and
technology. One of their key achievements was urban planning.

A

indus valley civilization

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27
Q

The
Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which includes the digits 0 to 9 and the decimal place value system, originated in ancient _____

A

India.

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28
Q

_______ mathematicians further developed and refined the system and then
introduced it to Europe, where it gradually replaced the Roman numeral
‘system, becoming the standard numerical system used worldwide today.

A

arab

29
Q

One of the key innovations of this era was the widespread use of iron. The
development of iron tools and weapons revolutionized agriculture, construction, and warfare.

A

Iron Age,

30
Q

The term Mesoamerica comes from the Greek Word ______ meaning “_______

A

mesos, in the middle

31
Q

The top ofthe society are priests and nobles who lived in ceremonial centers.
« Normal people lived in farming villages around the elites.
« Carved colossal heads from volcanic rocks as portraits of rulers.
« Invented calendar and carved hieroglyphic writing into stone.
« The mother culture of Mesoamerica.

A

Olmecs ((1500 B.C.-400 B.C.)

32
Q

Developed methods of farming such as shifting agriculture and raised bed
farming.

A

Mayans (300 B.C.-900 A.D.)

33
Q

Believed that illness is a punishment from the gods but still uses herbs and
medicine for treatment

A

Aztecs (12-15% Century)

34
Q

aztec Built _____ or “floating
‘gardens’ to plant crops.

A

chinampas

35
Q

this term often implies a lack of intellectual and cultural advancement during this time.

A

Dark Ages”

36
Q

in this period the primary concerns were often centered around maintaining peace and building empires, leaving little room for the nurturing of centers for learning.

A

midieval

37
Q

in midieval period, windmills were primarily used for grinding grains such as wheat and corn, producing flour that was a staple of medieval diets. true or false

A

true

38
Q

often referred to as the “Rebirth,”

A

rennaisance

39
Q

the revolutionary idea
that the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun,

A

heliocentrism

40
Q

heliocentrism philosopher

A

nicolaus copernicus

41
Q

a fundamental concept in physics, provided a systematic understanding of how
objects move and interact,

A

laws of motion

42
Q

Five Pillars in islam

A

faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage,

43
Q

played a pivotal role in i ntroducing Hindu-Arabic numerals
to Europe,often hailed as father of algebra

A

Al-Khwarizmi

44
Q

father of Alchemy,

A

musa jabir ibn hayyan

45
Q

a pivotal era in 18thecenturysEurope, bore
witness to a profound intellectual transformation. Writers and thinkers of this
period boldly questioned deeply entrenched beliefs, challenging the authority
of kings and the Church

A

age of enlightenment

46
Q

this age,
representing a seismic shift in cosmological understanding. Rejecting
the geocentrism proposed by Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copemicus introduced
the revolutionary concept of Heliocentrism, positing that the sun was the
center of the universe.

A

copernican revolution

47
Q

spearheaded by ‘Charles,Danwin, this revolution brought forth groundbreaking theories of evolution and natural selection.

A

darwinian revolution

48
Q

contributed to this transformative period with his theories on the inheritance of acquired characteristics, further enriching the discourse

A

jean Baptiste Lamarck

49
Q

theory of
the human mind.

A

Sigmun freud

50
Q

During this transformative era, societies experienced unprecedented advancements driven
by scientific and technological innovations.

A

industrial revolution

51
Q

Salix capensis was used for pain relief, aka?

A

aspirin

52
Q

proved effective in treating diarrhea.

A

Kaopectate

53
Q

reserpine

A

address hypertension and snake bite

54
Q

vaccination’ finds its roots in the Latin word ______ meaning cow

A

vacca

55
Q

vaccination discovery by?

A

edward jenner

56
Q

marked a period of profound transformation witnessing the rise of modern industry that reshaped the world from agriculture to technology-intensive services.

A

19th century

57
Q

19th century accordinf to Gregorian calendar and spanning from _____ to _____

A

1801 to 1900

58
Q

published his groundbreaking atomic theory,

A

John Dalton

59
Q

formulation of the Periodic Table in the mid=19thicentury provided a systematic arrangement of elements, revolutionizing the field of chemistry.

A

‘Drnitr Mendeleev

60
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

established the Conservation law of the of Energy,

61
Q

James Clerk Maxwell’s

A

revelation that light is an electromagnetic wave in

62
Q

discovery of radioactivity

A

henri becquerel

63
Q

discovery of radium

A

marie and pierre curie

64
Q

discovery of electron

A

joseph thomson

65
Q

in this era, Rapid advancements were propelled by scientific methods and substantial research funding, communication and transportation systems.

A

20th century

66
Q

personal computer pioneered by ____

A

intel

67
Q

introduction of apple

A

steve jobs and steve wozniak

68
Q

with the creation of the internet
facilitating global communication, information gathering and business
transactions through the ____________

A

world wide web

69
Q

mass production of automobile led by _________

A

henry ford

chapter 2 sts (1 decks)

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