Chapter 2 Flashcards
Name the different education or institutions
Basic education school (preschool, elementary, junior, and senior high schoo)
Technical-vocational institution
Higher education institution (colleges and universities)
According to ___, people have always formed organizations to combine effort for accomplishment of their common goal and defines it as a group of persons formed to seek certain goals.
Kashyap
Examples of organization since the dawn of civilization
Emperors of China (who used to construct irrigation system)
First pope (who created a universal church)
Egyptians (constructed the great pyramids)
It is a theory that states organization is basically define as an assembly of people working together to achieve a common objectives through division of labor.
Organizational Theory
According to ____, organization is a group of peole intentionally organized to accomplish an overall, common goal or set goals which have major subsystems that functions with other subsystems in order to achieve the overall goal of the organization.
McNamara
It is a declaration of the school’s objectives which serves as guide for plsnning and decision-making.
School’s VMGO or school’s vission, mission, goals, and objectives
Enumerate the 3 theories that explain the structure of organization
Taylor’s scientific management approach
Weber’s bureaucratic approach
Fayol’s administrative approach
He was the primary contributor of Scientific Management which originated in the beginning of the 20th centrury
Frederick Winslow Taylor
It was based on idea of systematization where attempts were made to enhance efficiency of procedures to be best via scientific analyses and experiments
Scientific Management
A principle of scientific management which develop a science of each element of man’s work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb
Science, not rule of thumb
A principle of scientific management which scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman.
Scientific selection of the worker
A principle of scientific management which heartily coopearte with the men so as to ensure all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of science which has been developed.
Management and labor cooperation rather than conflict
A principle of scientific management which workers should be trained by experts using scientific method
Scientific training of the worker
Enumerate the four principles of scientific management mentioned by Taylor’s work.
- Science, not rule of thumb
- Scientific selection of the worker
- Management and labor cooperation rather than conflict
- Scientific trainin of the worker
Enumerate the following concepts suggested by Taylor in order to increase the level of trust stated in the Organizational Theories
- Advantages of productivity improvement should go to workers
- Physicak stress and anxiety shpuld be eliminated as much as possible
- Capabilities of worker should be developed through training; and
- The traditional ‘boss’ concept should be eliminated
Taylor’s scientific approach is categorized as _______ approach, while Fayol’s administrative principles is considered as ______ approach
Bottom up ; top down
Enumerate the 14 principles of management that are considered as underlying factors for successful management
- Division of work
- Authority and Responsibility
- Disciple
- Unity of Command
- Unity of Direction
- Subordinate of Individual Interest
- Remuneration
- The degree of centralization
- Scalar chain
- Order
- Equity
- Stability of Tenured of Personnel
- Initiative
- Espirit de Corps
A principle of management wherein tasks is divided among employees according to their fielf of expertise or field og specialization
Division of work
A principle of scientific management wherein the management has the authority to give orders to subordinates that comes with corresponding responsibility.
Authority and Responsibility
A principle of scientific management that is about the core values anchored on the visoon and mission of an organization to form of good conduct.
Discipline
A principle of scientific management wherein all orders received must come from one manager only otherwise it will cause confusion to employees.
Unity of command
A principle of scientific management that ensures that all actions are properly coordinated and requires employees to perform and carry out activities as one team leading to the same objectives using one plan.
Unity of direction
A principle of scientific management that is about prioritization of organization’s interest over personal interest.
Subordinate of individual interest
A principle of scientific management that is about rewards and compensations to efforts that have been made which could be in a form of monetary or non-monetary that keeps employees motivated and productive.
Remuneration
A principle of scientific management that implies the concentration of decision-making authority at the top management
The degree of centralization
A principle of scientific management that is about the hierarchical structure. There should be a clear line in the area of authority from the top management down to the lowest level
Scalar chain
A principle of scientific management that pertains to the order and safety of employees in order to function properly at work
Order
A principle of scientific management that implis equal treatment among members of the organization
Equity
A principle of scientific management that is about the proper deployment and management of personnel by providing employees the opportunity to be considered for tenured position based on their performance.
Stability of Tenured of Personnel
A principle of scientific management which allows employees to expreee ideas that will help benefit the company.
Initiative
A principle of scientific management that promotes unity among employees, develops morale in the workplace. And creates atmosphere of mutual trust and understanding.
Espirit de Corps
The father of sociology
Max Weber
It is an organizational structure that is characterized by many rules, standardized process, procedures and requirements, number of desks, meticulous division of labor and responsibility, etc.
Bureaucracy
Enumerate the three types of power highlighted by Mulder and Lagaard
- Traditional authority
- Legal, rule-oriented authority
- Charismatic authority
A type of power that is based on historically created legitimacy where authority is hereditary and based on dependent subordinates
Traditional authority
The bureaucratic type of authority, based on normative rules for careerc, huerarchy etc
Legal, rule-oriented authority
The personal authority, based on a type of ‘seduction’ and hence, the devotion of supporters
Charismatic authority
Enumerate the following elements articulated by Mulder that supports Fayol’s bureaucratic management
- All regular activities within a bureaucracy can be regarded as official duties
- Management has the authority to impose rules; and
- Rules can be easily respected on the basis of established methods
It is the basis for the systematic formation of any organization and is designed to ensure efficiency and economic effectivenes
Bureaucracy
Enumerate the salient features of Max Weber’s Bureaucratic Theory highlighted by Mulder
- Task specialization
- Hierarchical of authority
- Formal selection
- Rules and requirements
- Impersonal
- Career orientation
Sometimes called the division of labor wherein individual tasks are divided into separate jobs which alloes to manage task easily.
Task specialization
A salient feature of the bureaucratic theory wherein managers are organized into hierarchical layers, where each layer of management is responsible for its staff and overall performance.
Hierarchical of authority
A salient feature of the bureaucratic theory wherein all employees are selected on the basis of technical skills and competencies, which have been acquired through training, education and experience and are paid accordingly.
Formal selection
_____ is the primary requirement in school setting when applying for a position including ____ based on existing standards is also reuired for promotion and remuneration
Education and training backgrounds ; performance evaluation
Formal rules and requirements are required to ensure uniformity, so that employees know exactly what is expected of them.
Rules and requirements
Regulations and clear requrements create distant and impersonal relationships between employees, with the additional advantage of preventing nepotism or involvement from outsiders or politics. Decisions must be based on rational factors rather than personal factors.
Impersonal
Employees of a bureaucratic organization are selecter on the basis of their expertise. This helps in the deployment of the right people n the right positions and thereby optimally utilizing human capital.
Career orientation
The voice of the God, which is the people, is the voice of the leader
Vox Deus, Vox Superiori
It is an essential factor that contributes to the succesful operation of an organization.
Leadership
Their primary function is to take charge of the management of the school.
School leader
Enumerate the important aspects of a school leader’s role highlighted by Christie etc
- Developing a deep understanding of how to support teachers
- Managing the curriculum in ways that promote student learning
- Developing the ability to transform schools into more effective organization to foster powerful teaching and learning for all students
An aspectbof a school leader’s role wherein school leader’s should understand the need of teachers that will capacitate them in order to become effective teachers
Developing a deep understanding of how to support teachers
An aspectbof a school leader’s role wherein curriculum shall be carefully managed accordingly by planninf for appropriate strategies in curriculum delivery that will suit the learning styles of students
Managing the curriculum in ways that promote student learning
One of the leadership theories that requires leaders to have passion and energy to achieve great things.
Transformational leadership
Transformational leadership is one of the leadership theories that requires leaders to have passion and energy to achieve great things. Leaders should have in-depth understanding of powerful teaching and learning through the use of brain-based instruction that promotes active-inquiry, in-depth learning, and performance assessment including culture of excellence.
Developing the ability to transform schools into more effective organization to foster powerful teaching and learning for all students
Enumerate the leadership roles
- Grade level/subject coordinator
- Department chair/coordinator
- Curriculum and assessment specialist
- Mentor/coach
- Facilitator
May include instructional leadership and administrative functions
Grade level/subject coordinator
Serves as liaison officer between administration and colleagues
Department chair/coordinator
Leads teachers to follow curriculum standards and develop appropriate assessments
Curriculum and Assessment specialist
Served as a mentor for co-teachers
Mentor/coach
Facilitates professional development
Facilitator
Give at least three statements that leaders can influence the effectiveness of an organization
- The choice of objectives and strategies to pursue
- The mutual trust and cooperation of members
- The shared beliefs and values of members
What are the various leadership styles?
- Instructional leadership
- Transformational leadership
- Distributed leadership
The primary role of a ______ is to promote learning and make students successful in their academic endeavors.
School principal
What is the primary role of a school principal?
To promote learning and make students successful in their academic endeavors
It requires this type of leadership that is critical to the success and effectiveness of the curriculum and instruction. It promotes collaboration between the school principal and teachers to develop curriculum and instruction in order to improve student’s performance
Instructional leadership
Instructional leadership is basrd on three-dimensional approach which includes ___,
- Defining the school’s mission
- Managing the instructional progrsm
- Promoting a positive school climate
Hallinger defines this as a leadership being focused predominantly on the role of a school head in coordinating, controllng, supervising, and devoping new curriculum and instruction
Instructional leadership
Type of leaders who inspire their followets to achieve extraordibary outcomes by inspiring them, and, in the process, develop their own capacity
Transformational leaders
This leadership theory was conceptualized by James MacGregor Burns in1978 and it focuses on developing one’s capacity to innovate and support the development of changes to practices of teaching and learning.
Transformational leadership
It is considered as a shared effort by more than one person. It serves interests of systemic thrivability by promoting patterns of joint optimization of shared values, and individuals among groups rather than the maximization of any subset of particular individual interest.
Distributed leadership
Enumerate the structure of a basic education school in the Philippines
- Administrator/Principal
- Teaching personnel/faculty members
- Academic non-teaching personnel
- Students
- Community
Responsible for leading the entire organization of school. They are in charge of managing the major administrative tasks and supervising all the teachers and students.
Principal
They are the licensed teachers assigned to teach in different subject areas in different grade levels and are respondible for managing classroom environment, facilitating instruction and assessment of student learning.
Teaching personn/faculty members
The non-teaching personnel assigned to suport to help maintain a positive learning environment and to keep the school clean and safe from harm. They work as teacher aids, librarians, guidance counselors, office personnel, and security and maintenance staff.
Academic non-teaching personnel
The primary stakeholders that benefits from the school. They come from different age groups, cultures, and backgrounds whose ultimate goal is to be trained and educated.
Students
It is the location where the school is situated.
Community
The one who manage the functions of teachers in a private basic education
Instructional Leaders
In charge of managing ghe functions of non-teaching personnel and support staff in a private basic education school
Administrative manager
It involves various theories which include formalization of school procedures, centralization/decentralization of decision-making and specialization of tasks and roles within the organization.
Organizational structure of a school
It involves developmeng of written policies that serve as a guide for members of the organization to follow which may also include plans, vision, mission, goals, and objectives.
Formalization of procedures
A theory part of the organizational structure of a private school that involves the division of tasks in decision-making from the top management (administrator/principal) down to the middle managers (assistant principal and instructional leaders/head teachers) known as the top down approach or in some cases uses the bottom up approach where middle managers make decision and relay to the top management for approval.
Centralization/decentralization of decision making
It is one of the horizontal specializations often used in an educational organization.
Departmentalization
By virtue of _____ and _____, the Commission on Higher Education and Technicsl Education and Skills Development Authority were created.
RA 7722 ; RA 7784
Otherwise known as the “Governance of Basic Education Act”
Republic Act No. 9155
In 2001, what republic number was passed transforming the name of DECS to the Department of Education (DepEd)
RA 9155
DECS stands for ____
Department of Education Culture and Sports
It provided the overall framework for school head empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles and school-based management within the context of transparency and local accountability.
RA 9155
The only three remaining countries in the world that retains 10-year basic education system, according to the Senate Economic Planning Office (SECO) (2011)
Philippines, Djibouti and Angola of Africa
It articulated that the continuous detorioration of the quality of education in the Philippines despite of the constitutional guarantees has prompted DepEd to push for the implementarion of the K to 12 program, which entails the institutional of the kindergarten and the additional two more years of high school in the basic education cycle.
Senate Economic Planning Office (SECO) 2011
