Chapter 2

Question 1

What is a behavioral variable?

Answer 1

Any overt, observable behaviors.

Question 2

Stimulus variables

Answer 2

Any stimuli that can have an effect on the behavior of an organism.

Question 3

Independent variable

Answer 3

Variable manipulated by the researcher

Question 4

Dependent variable

Answer 4

Variable affected by independent variables

Question 5

Ecological validity

Answer 5

Resembles the situations and tasks of concern in everyday life

Question 6

Internal validity

Answer 6

Observed relations can be attributed with a high degree of confidence to the variables of interest

Question 7

External validity

Answer 7

Results or derived principles can be generalized to a variety of other settings

Question 8

Control procedures

Answer 8

Systematic methods used to reduce the influence of extraneous variables that threaten validity

Question 9

Archival data

Answer 9

Descriptive method of using pre-existing data

Question 10

Naturalistic observation and ethnographic models

Answer 10

Behaviors observed in a naturalistic/field setting. Observer participates with users in environment of interest

Question 11

Surveys and questionnaires

Answer 11

Illicit information from a large group on simple issues

Question 12

Diaries and log files

Answer 12

Record and evaluate actions of a user over a period of time

Question 13

Differential research

Answer 13

Differences between people

Question 14

Correlational research

Answer 14

Conducted with descriptive methods