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PE 1/2 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the musculoskeletal system?

A
  • Protects vital organs
  • Support posture
  • Stores fuels, fats and minerals
  • Allows movement
  • Blood cell production
  • Heat
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2
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head than another part

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3
Q

Inferior

A

Cloister to the feet than another part

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4
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Towards the front of the body

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5
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Towards the backside of the body

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6
Q

Medial

A

Towards the imaginary midline of the body

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Alway from the imaginary midline of the body

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8
Q

Proximal

A

A body part closer to it’s point of attachment

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9
Q

Origin

A

Muscle’s attachment in which that bone remains immobile for an action

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10
Q

Insertion

A

Muscle’s attachment that is on the bone that my moves during an action

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11
Q

Distal

A

A body part further away from the point of attachment than another

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12
Q

Left (body)

A

Towards the left side of the body

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13
Q

Right (body)

A

Towards the right side of the body

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14
Q

Superficial

A

A body part closer to the surface of the body than another

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15
Q

Deep

A

A body part that is internal or further away from the surface of the body than another

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16
Q

Palmar

A

The palm side of the hand

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17
Q

Plantar

A

The sole side of the foot

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18
Q

How many bones are in the skeleton?

A

206 bones

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19
Q

What sections make up the Axial Skeleton?

A
  • Skull (Cranium)
  • Sternum
  • Rib cage
  • Vertebral column
  • Sacrum
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20
Q

What sections make up the Appendicular skeleton?

A
  • Arms
  • Legs
  • Hips
  • Shoulder
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21
Q

Axial Skeleton (Function)

A

Provide the main support of the body

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22
Q

Appendicular Skeleton (Function)

A

Made of limbs and girdles that connect to axial skeleton

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23
Q

What are the sections of the Vertebral Column and in what order?

A
  1. Cervical Vertebral
  2. Thoracic Vertebral
  3. Lumbar Vertebral
  4. Sacrum
  5. Coccyx
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24
Q

Number of unfused Cervical Vertebrae bones?

A

7

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25
Q

Number of unfused Thoracic Vertebrae bones?

A

12

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26
Q

Number of unfused Lumbar Vertebrae bones?

A

5

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27
Q

Number of FUSED Sacrum Vertebrae bones?

A

5

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28
Q

Number of FUSED Coccyx Vertebrae bones?

A

4

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29
Q

Joint

A

Where two or more bones meet

30
Q

What joint allows no movement?

A

Fixed/Fibrous joint

31
Q

What joint allows slight movement?

A

Cartilaginous joint

32
Q

What joint allows free movement?

A

Synovial joint

33
Q

Synovial Joint (consists of)

A
  • synovial capsule
  • collagenous material
  • synovia membrane
  • synovial fluid
34
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  • gliding
  • saddle
  • condyloid
  • pivot
  • ball and socket
  • hinge
35
Q

Gliding joint (example)

A

Flat bones glide past each other in a biaxial manner. E.g. Carpals joint

36
Q

Condyloid joint (example)

A

Similar to hinge joint but allows rotation(biaxial). E.g. Wrist joint

37
Q

Pivot joint (example)

A

A uniaxial joint that allows only rotation. E.g. Atlanto-axis joint in neck

38
Q

Saddle joint (example)

A

Where concave and convex bones align generally biaxial. E.g. Carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb

39
Q

Hinge Joint (example)

A

A uniaxial joint. E.g. Elbow joint

40
Q

Ball and socket (example)

A

A rounded bone head articulates with a cup-shaped cavity. E.g. Shoulder joint

41
Q

Flexion

A

Angle decrease between articulating bones

42
Q

Extension

A

Angle increasing between articulating bones

43
Q

Abduction

A

Body part moving away from the midline of the body

44
Q

Adduction

A

Body part moving towards the midline of the body

45
Q

Rotation

A

A bone turned on it’s axis can be medial or lateral rotation.

46
Q

Circumduction

A

None moving in circular fashion generally possible in ball and socket joint.

47
Q

Supination

A

Palm up

48
Q

Pronation

A

Palm down

49
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Toes up

50
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Toes down

51
Q

Inversion

A

Sole inward

52
Q

Eversion

A

Sole outward

53
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone

54
Q

Ligament

A

Bone to bone

55
Q

Muscles (Functions)

A
  • Posture
  • Essential body function
  • Movement
56
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

muscles working in teams, agonists contracts while antagonists relaxes

57
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle that causes the action (prime mover)

58
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that lengthens and relaxes to allow movement to occur

59
Q

Stabilisers

A

Muscle that stabilise one part of body while other part is moving

60
Q

What are the 4 muscle fibre arrangements?

A
  • Circular
  • Convergent
  • Pennate
  • Fusiform
61
Q

Circular muscle fibre

A

Arranged in rings. E.g. Eyes and mouth

62
Q

Convergent muscle fibre

A

Broad origin then converge, triangular in appearance. E.g. Pectoralis major

63
Q

Pennate muscle fibre

A

Muscle fibres are short and attach to central tendon that runs the length of the muscle, high strength and power. E.g. Deltoid, Quadriceps

64
Q

Fusiform muscle fibre

A

Muscle fibres run the same direction as tendons, low force but high mobility. E.g. Hamstrings and biceps brachii

65
Q

Muscle fibre arrangement

A

Thousands of muscle fibres arranged into bundles called fasciculi

66
Q

Stages from nerve impulse to muscle action

A
  1. Brian initiates a message
  2. Nerve impulse go down spinal cord and to motor nerve
  3. Message passed to Motor neurons
  4. Message branches off to all muscle fibres controlled by that nerve
67
Q

Motor unit (consists?)
+ Motor unit recruitment

A

Consists of one motor neuron and the muscle fibres that it stimulates

Fine movements use motor units connected to less muscle fibres
Gross movement may use motor units with thousands of fibres.

68
Q

All or nothing principle

A

When an electrical impulse reaches a certain threshold all fibres of that motor unit will contract simultaneously.

69
Q

Muscle fibre types

A
  1. Slow twitch fibres (oxidative)
  2. Fast twitch - 2A (oxidative)
    - 2B (glycolic)
70
Q

Isoinertial contraction

A

Resistance/load remains constant

71
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Force is developed but there is no change in length of muscle

72
Q

Isokinetic contraction

A

Muscle contracts maximally through whole range of motion, uses special equipment.

PE 1/2 (3 decks)

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