Chapter 2 Flashcards
Define element.
Smallest building blocks that CAN NOT be broken down by further chemical needs. (Atom)
Define Metal
A shiny substance that conducts electricity and tends to DONATE electrons. Often become CATIONS.
Define nonmetal
Gasses or brittle solids that conduct metal poorly and tend to accept electrons. Often become negatively charged ANIONS
Define Ions
Atom or molecule with a net electric charge.
Define Cation
Positively charged ions. LOSE electrons
Define Anion
Negatively charged ions. GAIN electrons.
Define Acid.
Proton donor. Donates hydrogen ions.
Define Base
Proton acceptor. Accept hydrogen ions.
Mixing a base with water causes hydrogen ions to DECREASE.
Define pH scale.
Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Define neutral pH
pH of 7. Equal amount of hydrogen and base ions.
Define Buffer
Molecules that prevent change in pH of the body.
Define Ionic bond.
Takes place between 2 ions (positive and negative). One will gain an electron and the other will lose an electron.
**think of a magnets attracted to each other north (positive) with south (negative).
Define Polar covalent bond.
Have UNEQUAL share of electrons between atoms.
Define Nonpolar covalent bonds
Have an EQUAL sharing of electrons between atoms.
**No partial positive or negative charges.
Define Solute.
A substance that can be dissolved into a solution by a solvent.
Define Solvent
The substance that a solute interacts with.
Define Solubility
The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.
Define Hydrophilic
Can be dissolved in liquid water and be carried around safely in the body.
*water LOVING
Define Hydrophobic
When placed in water, substances are attracted to one another and do not mix with water molecules.
*water FEARING.
Define Chemical Reaction
Transformation of of one chemical substance to another.
New bonds being formed by either being broken, rearranged, or transferred electrons between atoms or compounds.
Define Enzyme.
Biological catalyst that speeds up a chemical reactions.
Define Carbohydrate
Function as a source of energy for our cells
*contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen and make up 1% of body mass.
Define Lipids.
Store energy, regulate body temperature, and absorb shock.
*formed from Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. (Fats and oils).
Define Protein.
Constructed from combinations of amino acid monomers (which serve as the backbone).
