Chapter 2

Question 1

What is self fertilization

Answer 1

When pollen or an egg is derived from the same plant

Question 2

What is cross fertilization

Answer 2

When a pollen/egg are derived from different plants
Requires removing and manipulating anthers

Question 3

What is a hybrid

Answer 3

When two plants differ in a particular trait they create a hybrid

Question 4

What is a character

Answer 4

An observable characteristic of an organism

Question 5

What is a trait or variant

Answer 5

Specific properties of a character
Eye color is the trait and blue is the variant

Question 6

What is a true breed

Answer 6

When a variety produces the same trait over several generations

Question 7

What is a single factor cross

Answer 7

When only one trait is crossed such as dwarf and tall in height

Question 8

What is the particulate theory of inheritance

Answer 8

Things that determine traits are inherited as descrete units and remain unchanged as they are passed down
This is the same way to say a gene

Question 9

What is the law of segregation

Answer 9

Two copies of a gene separate from each other during the process that creates gametes (meiosis)

Question 10

What is an allele

Answer 10

Different versions of the same gene

Question 11

What is a normal genotypic ratio and what is a normal phenotypic ratio

Answer 11

Genotype- 1:2:1
Phenotype 3:1

Question 12

What is a two factor or dihybrid cross

Answer 12

Crossing individual plants that differ in two different characters
The pea plants being round or wrinkled and yellow or green

Question 13

What is linked assortment

Answer 13

You get your parents genes exactly
50 percent chance to be either parent

Question 14

What is independent assortment

Answer 14

Supports non parental genotype
Alleles separate when being passed to the offspring there is no longer a guarantee that the offspring will be just like their parents but rather that they inherit some genes from both

Question 15

What contradicts the linked assortment theory

Answer 15

Non parental because there was proof that some traits can arise without seeing them in the parents

Question 16

What is the predicted phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross

Answer 16

9:3:3:1

Question 17

What is genetic recombination

Answer 17

When an offspring receives a combination of alleles that differ from the parental generation
Due to independent assortment and crossing over

Question 18

What are loss of function alleles

Answer 18

Defective copies of genes usually inherited in a recessive manner

Question 19

How can you determine an autosomal recessive trait pattern

Answer 19

Males and females equally affected
Affected offspring have unaffected parents
Is unaffected parents have affected kids they are heterozygous
Affected kids are homozygous

Question 20

How can you determine an autosomal dominant trait

Answer 20

Makes and females equally affected
Affected offspring have at least one affected parent
Affected offspring are heterozygous and unaffected offspring are homozygous recessive

Question 21

How to determine an X linked recessive trait pattern

Answer 21

Males affected more than females
Traits never passed from father to son
Affected sons usually have a carrier mother

Question 22

How can you determine an X linked dominant trait

Answer 22

Males and females equally affected
Affected sons have affected moms
All daughters of an affected father are affected