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MELA1102 Chapter 2 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surrounds and protects the cell and also regulates what passes into an out of the cell

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the operations of the cell. It directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell.

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3
Q

Chromosomes

A

Are rod like structures within the nucleus. All human body cells except for the sex cells ( Sperm and egg) contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. *Each sperm and egg cell have 23 unpaired chromosomes.

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Includes all of the material outside of the nucleus and is enclosed by the cell membrane. it carries out the work of the cell. Contains specialized apparatuses to supply the chemical needs of the cell.

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

Miniature power plants
Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm, that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

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6
Q

Catabolism

A

Is the process that occurs in the mitochondria for breaking down food.

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A

Are attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum. Build large chains of proteins.

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9
Q

Anabolism

A

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

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10
Q

What two processes make up the cells’ metabolism?

A

Anabolism and Catabolism

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11
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome it directs the activities of the cell.

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12
Q

Genes

A

Regions of dna within each chromosome.

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13
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

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14
Q

Differentiation

A

A term that describes the change in cells as the mature and specialize

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15
Q

Epthelial tissue

A

Located all over the body. forms the lining of the internal organs, and the outer surface of the skin. also lines the Exo and endocrine glands and is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce.

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16
Q

3 types of muscle tissue are?

A

Voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac

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17
Q

Examples of connective tissue?

A

Adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood.

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18
Q

Nerve Tissue

A

Conducts impulses all over the body.

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19
Q

Viscera (singular: viscus)

A

Medical term for internal organs.

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20
Q

List the organs in the digestive system:

A

Mouth, Pharynx (throat), esophagus,stomach, intestines,liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

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21
Q

Pharynx (FAH-RINKS)

A

Throat

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22
Q

List the organs in the Urinary/excretory system.

A

Kidneys, Ureters (tunes from the Kidneys to the Urinary bladder), Urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body).

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23
Q

Ureter

A

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

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24
Q

Urethra

A

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

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25
Q

What are the organs in the respiratory system?

A

Nose, Pharynx (throat), Larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs.

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26
Q

Larynx (LAH-RINKS)

A

Voice box

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27
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

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28
Q

What are the organs in the female reproduction system?

A

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

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29
Q

What are the organs in the male reproduction system?

A

Testes and associates tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland.

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30
Q

List the organs in the endocrine system.

A

Thyroid gland,petunitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of langerhans), parathiroid glands.

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31
Q

What organs are part of the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collection of nerves.

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32
Q

What are the organs in the circulatory system?

A

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.

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33
Q

List the organs in the musculoskeletal system.

A

Muscles,bones, joints

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34
Q

The skin and sense organs are?

A

Skin, hair,nails, sweat glands and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ears,nose, and tongue.

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35
Q

Where are the ventral cavities located?

A

Ventral cavities are in the front of the body.

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36
Q

Where are the dorsal cavities located?

A

The dorsal cavities are in the back of the body.

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37
Q

What organs are in the cranial cavity?

A

Brain and petunitary gland.

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38
Q

What organs are in the thoracic cavity?

A

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea bronchial tubes, thymus gland, and aorta.

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39
Q

What are the two cavities that are located in the thoracic cavity?

A

Pleural cavity and mediastinum.

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40
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

It is the space surrounding each lung. The pleural is a double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them.

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41
Q

What is the term used when the pleural cavity fills with fluid?

A

Pleural effusion

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42
Q

Mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of in between the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.

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43
Q

Peritoneum

A

Is the double-folded membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity. It attaches the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place.

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44
Q

What organs are in the abdominal cavity?
What is another name for it?

Is it ventral or dorsal?

A

The stomach, small & large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. The kidneys are behind the abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal area) on either side of the backbone.

Peritoneal cavity.

Ventral.

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45
Q

Where is the Retroperitoneal area? And what organs are located there?

A

It is behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone. The kidneys are located there.

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46
Q

What is the diaphragm? And what does it do?

A

It is a muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
It moves up and down and aids and breathing.

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47
Q

What organs are in the pelvic cavity?

Is it ventral or dorsal?

A

Portions of the small and large intestines, rectum. Urinary bladder, urethra, (female - uterus and vagina).

Ventral.

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48
Q

What organs are in the spinal cavity?

Is it ventral or dorsal?

A

Nerves of the spinal cord.

Dorsal.

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49
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

The abdominal and pelvik cavities are not separated and are referred to together as the Abdominopelvic cavity.

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50
Q

A collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called?

A

Ascites

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51
Q

The abdominopelvic area is divided into how many regions?

A

9

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52
Q

Right hypochondriac region is?

A

The upper right region that is below the rib cartilage.

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53
Q

Left hypochondriac region is?

A

The upper left region below the rib cartilage.

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54
Q

What is the region above the stomach called?

A

Epigastric region

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55
Q

The right middle region near the waist is called?

A

Right lumbar region.

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56
Q

The left middle region near the waist is called?

A

Left Lumbar region.

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57
Q

The region of the navel or umbilicus is called?

A

Umbilical region

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58
Q

What is the term for
The lower right region near the groin.?
It is also known as?

A

Right inguinal region or right iliac region.

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59
Q

Where is the left inguinal region? And what is it also known as?

A

It is the lower left region located near the groin. It is also known as the left iliac region.

60
Q

The lower middle region that is located below the umbilical region is known as?

A

Hypogastric region

61
Q

How many quadrants are there in the abdominopelvic area?

A

4

62
Q

The right upper quadrant (RUQ) contains?

A

The liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and parts of the small and large intestines.

63
Q

What does the left upper quadrant (LUQ) contain?

A

The liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines.

64
Q

What does the right lower quadrant (RLQ) contain?

A

Part of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube,appendix and the right ureter.

65
Q

What does the lower left quadrant (LLQ) contain?

A

Part of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube and left ureter.

66
Q

What is the spinal column?

A

The spinal column is composed of a series of bones that extend from the neck to the tailbone. Each bone is a vertebra (plural: vertabrae)

67
Q

The division of the spinal column that is in the neck region is known as?
How many vertebrea does it contain?

A

Cervical (C), 7 vertebrae ( C1~C7)

68
Q

The division of the spinal column that is located in the chest region is known as.?

Now many vertebrea does it contain

A

Thoracic (T), 12 vertebrea (T1~T12)

69
Q

The region of the spinal column that is located in the loin or flank region is known as?

How many vertebrae does it include?

A

Lumbar, 5 vertebrea (L1~L5)

70
Q

The part of the spinal column knowen as the Sacral (S) is?

A

5 bones (S1~S5) that are fuesed together to form one bone, the Sacrum.

71
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

5 bones that are fused together to form one, located above the tailbone

72
Q

What Is the medical term for tailbone

A

Coccyx

73
Q

The image that is formed when the light rays pass through the lens and intersect at the focal point is what type of image?

A

Real image.

74
Q

What part of the microscope produces the real image?

A

Objectives

75
Q

What type of image do we see through the ocular?

A

Virtual image

76
Q

What is chromatic aberration?

A

The inability to focus all color components of light at the same focal point.

77
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front side of the body

78
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Backside of the body

79
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

80
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface

81
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

82
Q

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.

A

Distal

83
Q

Blow another structure

A

Inferior

84
Q

Superior

A

Above another structure

85
Q

Midial

A

Pertaining to the middle or near the media plane of the body.

86
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

87
Q

Laying on the back

A

Supine

88
Q

Laying on the belly

A

Prone

89
Q

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior positions.

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

90
Q

Sagittal (lateral) plane

A

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides.

91
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into right and left halves.

92
Q

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground.

A

Transverse (axial) plane

93
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

94
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

95
Q

Anter/o

A

Front

96
Q

-ose

A

Pertaining to or full of

97
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to

98
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck (of the body or of the uterus)

99
Q

Root word for: Cartilage (type of connective tissue)

A

Chondr/o

100
Q

Root word for: color

A

Chrom/o

101
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx (tailbone)

102
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

103
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

104
Q

-plasm

A

Formation.

105
Q

Dist/o

A

Far, distant

106
Q

Dors/o

A

The portion of the body

107
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissue

108
Q

Ili/o

A

Ilium ( upper part of the hip bone)

109
Q

Inguin/o

A

Groin

110
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus.

111
Q
  • type
A

Classification or picture

112
Q

Later/o

A

Side

113
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lower back

114
Q

Midi/o

A

Middle

115
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

116
Q

Pelv/i

A

Pelvis

117
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx (throat)

118
Q

Poster/o

A

Back/behind

119
Q

Proxim/o

A

Nearest

120
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

121
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh

122
Q

Spin/o

A

Spine/backbone

123
Q

Thel/o, Theli/o

A

Nipple

124
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

125
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

126
Q

Umbilic/o

A

Navel, umbilicus

127
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly side of the body

128
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra(e) backbone(s)

129
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

130
Q

Ana-

A

Up

131
Q

Cata-

A

Down

132
Q

Epi-

A

Above

133
Q

Hypo-

A

Below

134
Q

Inter-

A

Between

135
Q

Intra-

A

Within

136
Q

Meta-

A

Change

137
Q

-ine

A

Substance

138
Q
  • eal
A

Pertaining to

139
Q

-iac

A

Pertaining to

140
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to

141
Q

-ism

A

Process, condition

142
Q

-ose

A

Pertaining to, full of

143
Q

-plasm

A

Formation

144
Q

-somes

A

Bodies

145
Q

-type

A

Picture, classification

MELA1102 Chapter 2 (2 decks)

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