Chapter 2 Flashcards
Agonist vs antagonist. What’s the difference?
The agonist, aka the prime mover, is the muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement.
The muscle that can slow down or stop the movement is the antagonist. It assist in joint stabilization and helps protect ligament and cartilage structures from potentially destructive forces/internal impact.
When the muscle force and resistive force is on the opposite/back side of the fulcrum, what type of lever is that?
A first class lever.
Can you provide an example?
When the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, this is best described as what ype of lever?
A second class lever
A calf raises is an example of this.
What is the difference between a closed chain and open chain exercises. Can you have both, if so, what is that called?
Open (kinetic) chain exercises allow the terminal segment to move freely. (e.g. bench press, lat pulldown, leg ext.)/ when the hand or foot for instance is free and not fixed to an object.
Closed (kinetic) chain exercises are when the distal extremity is fixed to an object that is stationary or fixed. (e.g. push-up, squat, deadlift, power clean, leg press)
Yes - mixed chain exercises (e.g. walking lunges or running)
Force equals what? (i.e. what equation is “force”?)
Mass x Acceleration
What is the angle of pennation?
The difference between the angle of the muscle fiber and the line between muscle origin and insertion.
Do pennated muscle produce more force or more velocity? Why?
more force bc when muscle are pennated, they allow more room for more muscle fibers. More muscle fibers present means more force can be generated.
What is the bracketing technique?
And what form or style of training is this similar to? And why?
When an athelete performs a sport movement with less than normal and/or greater than normal resistance.
Acceleration training aka overspeed and underspeed training.
How would you implement overspeed training? What are the training benefits
You would decrease an athletes weight by up to 10%.
Based on the force-velocity relationship, this will help an athlete accelerate at a higher speed which better trains the neuromuscular system.
How you would you implement underspeed training? And what is the benefit or it?
You would increase a persons body weight by a max of 10% by way of a weighted vest, DB’s, etc
This will help develop greater force production during accerlation when later jumping, running, lifting, etc.
It takes more _______ to initate a movement than to maintain movement
force
What type of resistance generally doesn’t provide an eccentric phase, and is therefore pretty safe for conditioning?
What are some examples of this?
Fluid Resistance
Swimming, rowing, and fluid-resisted machines
What joint has the greatest ROM in the body?
The shoulder joint, most specifically, the glenohumeral (GH) joint.
Bc of this, it is also less stable and more vulnerable.
What is the function of the patellafemoral joint?
It’s a joint that is placed between two long levers, so It works to increase the moment arm of the quadriceps, by increasing its mechanical advantage.
What are the 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff?
- Supraspinatus - on top of scapula - good for shoulder abduction
- Infraspinatus - under spine of scapula; main external rotation muscle (what your training with external rotation band work). These help provide stability to the GH joint.
- Teres minor – under spine of scapula; main external rotation muscle
(what your typically training with external rotation band work). These help provide stability to the GH joint. - Subscapularis - inside of scapula, cant really be seen. Helps with internal rotation of the shoulder joint.
