Chapter 2

Question 1

The word root ( hemat )

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

The suffix ( -emesis )

Answer 2

Vomiting,
ex: (hematemesis = means vomiting blood // notice that because the suffix begins with a vowel , we use the word root for linking the word elements. )

Question 3

The suffix ( -itis )

Answer 3

Inflammation
( Ex : Arthritis = to know this terms meaning we will divide this word into word elements first we can find the suffix -itis which means inflammation when we look at the first part of the word it’s a ward root Arthr, which means joint, so this means inflammation of the joint. We can also notice we used the word root for linking these two word elements, because the suffix begins with a vowel .)

Question 4

Word root (oste)

Answer 4

Means bone
( for example, we have the term osteoma: to know it’s meaning we will divide this word into word illness first, we will look at the final part. It’s a suffix Oma. Suffix means tumor. Then we will look at the first part of the word. It’s a word oste means bone, so this term means tumor of the bones, and we notice that we connected these toward elements with the word root, because the suffix begins with a vowel.)

Question 5

-centesis

Answer 5

Surgical puncture (for example, you have the term arthrocentesis this term means surgical puncture of the joint, you notice that we linked these two words elements the word root Arthur, and the suffix centesis with a combining form, because the suffix begins with a constant)

Information :
Arthrocentesis : 📒✏️ surgical puncture to remove fluid in a joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space.
📒✏️ May also help to obtain ✨SYNOVIAL FLUID✨ for : 🎀 Diagnostic purposes 🫡
Or 🎀 To instill medications 💊

Question 6

Osteoarthritis

Answer 6

Words that contain more than one word root are known as compound words. Multiple roots within a compound word are joined together with a vowel, regardless of whether the second root begins with a vowel or a consonant. Notice that a vowel is used in this example between oste and arthr, even though the second root, arthr, begins with a vowel. When we analyze this term, to know its meaning, by dividing the word into the word elements, we will look at the final part of the word, which is the suffix the suffix means inflammation. Then we will look at the first part of the word (oste) which is this part is a word which means bone in the middle we have the ward root Arthr, which means joint . We can notice how we. Connected the word roots, Asti, and Arthur, with a combining form (o) so this term means inflammation of the bone and the joint.

Question 7

Osteoarthritis

Answer 7

Words that contain more than one word root are known as compound words. Multiple roots within a compound word are joined together with a vowel, regardless of whether the second root begins with a vowel or a consonant. Notice that a vowel is used in Table 2-2 between oste and arthr, even though the second root, arthr, begins with a vowel.
This means inflammation of the bone and the joint

Question 8

Encephalomeningitis

Answer 8

🔊 : إنسِفالومِننجايتِس
The suffix (-itis ) means : inflammation
The first part of the word is the word root : ( encephal : which means : brain
The middle element of the word is the word root : ( mening : which mean meninges ) and it’s connected with the word root (encephal) with the combining form (o) because they are both word roots and this whole word is a combining word .

So this term means : inflammation of the brain and meninges 🙀

Question 9

-dynia

Answer 9

Means : pain + the suffix (algia)
Example : osteodynia = pain in the bone

Question 10

-pathy
(Ex : encephalomeningopathy)

Answer 10

-Pathy = disease 🦠. ( to memorize it remember : pathology)
- encephalomenigopathy = disease in the brain and the meninges (🔊: إنسِفِلومِننغوبَثِي )

Question 11

What are the suffix types ?

Answer 11

Surgical
Diagnostic
Pathological
Related
Grammatical suffixes

Question 12

What is the point from grouping the suffixes ?

Answer 12

An effective method of mastering the medical terminology is to :
✨✨🔥Learn the major types of suffixes in categories 🔥✨✨

Grouping the surgical , diagnostic, pathological , related and grammatical suffixes ▶️▶️
♥️MAKES THEM EASIER TO REMEMBER♥️

Note : categories —> 🔊: كاتِغوريز

Question 13

Define the surgical suffixes ? ❤️

Answer 13

Suffixes describe a type of invasive procedure performed on a body part.
💞 تصف نوعًا من الإجراءات الجراحية التي يتم إجراؤها على جزء من الجسم. 💞

Question 14

Pathological suffixes 💛

Answer 14

Suffixes describe an abnormal condition or disease 🦠

Question 15

Diagnostic suffixes 💚

Answer 15

Describe a procedure performed to identify the cause and nature of the illness .

Question 16

-clasis

Answer 16

Means : to break or surgical fracture

Example : osteoclasis= surgical fracture of a bone 🦴

(💭 Osteoclasis is performed to correct the deformity of a bone 🦴) 🔨

🟥 Deformity = تشوه 🟥
يعني مرات مثلا بتكون الجبيرة (splint) معمولة خطأ فبضطرو يكسرو العظمة ويعيدو جبرها … أو نتيجة لحادث تتشوه العظام أو تتغير أماكنها فتكسر ليعبدوها للمكان الصحيح

Question 17

-desis

Answer 17

Means : binding or fixation ( of the bone or the joint )

🧸 Example : arthrodesis = binding or fixation the joint
🩺 fuses bones across a joint space for a degenerated, unstable joint

Question 18

Suffixes mean : forming , producing , origin

Answer 18

(-gen) // (-genesis)
Examples :
💎✨ Carcinogen : forming , producing or origin of cancer .
🔥🔥 Substance or agent (such as cigarette 🚬) that causes development or incidence of cancer 🔥🔥

💎✨ Carcinogensis : forming , producing or origin of cancer .
🔥🔥transformation of natural cells to cancer cells , commonly as a result of chemical , viral , or radioactive damage to genes 🧬 🔥🔥

Question 19

Suffix means : softening

Answer 19

( -malacia)
Ex : chondromalacia = softening of the cartilage

Question 20

Suffix mean : enlargement

Answer 20

(-megaly)
Example : cardiomegaly = enlargement of the heart ❤️

Question 21

-Oma

Answer 21

Means : tumor
Example : neuroma = tumor of the nerves 😬
Neuroma is a benign tumor composed of nerve tissue.

Question 22

-osis

Answer 22

Means : abnormal condition / increase
Example : cyanosis = dark blue or purple discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane.
🔴= bluish discoloration .
🔴=indicates deficiency of oxygen in the blood 🩸.

Question 23

Suffix mean : disease

Answer 23

-pathy
Example : myopathy = disease of muscle

Question 24

Suffix means : deficiency / decreas

Answer 24

(-Penia)
Example :
🫀osteopenia = decrease in bone mass
🫀characterized by bone loss
🫀 it is not as severe as osteoporosis

Both osteopenia and osteoporosis mean (loss of bone mass هشاشة عظام ) but they differ in 🔥✨bone density loss ✨🔥

Question 25

Suffix means Fear

Answer 25

-phobia
Example: homophobia = fear of blood.
🩸 abnormal aversion to the sight of blood. نفور غير طبيعي من رؤية الدم

Question 26

_Plegia

Answer 26

Paralysis = شلل
Example: quadriplegia = paralysis of four. ( paralysis of four extremities (أطراف) both arms and legs )
Can be as a result of cervical injuries 🍨
➖➖➖➖➖➖
Diplegia = paralysis of the two arms
Hemiplegia = paralysis of the arm and the leg on the same side
Monoplegia = paralysis of one leg
Paraplegia = paralysis of the both legs

Question 27

_Ptosis
Ex: blepharoptosis

Answer 27

Prolapse // dropping downward
Example : blepharoptosis = prolapse or downward displacement of the eyelid = مرض الجفن
(Is the dropping of the upper eyelid 🐼)
🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤🐤
Blephar(o) is a WR that means eyelid 🤍

Question 28

Diarrhea

Answer 28

(Dia) is a WR that mean: across /through
The suffix (rrhea) means: discharge , flow
(Diarrhea) = discharge or flow through →🐼🤍 an abnormally frequent discharge on flow of fluid fecal matter from bowel🤍🐼

📌🖇️ fecal fluid = سائل براز
📌🖇️ bowel = أمعاء