Chapter 2 Flashcards
The sum total of all the biochemical reactions in the body is known as …….
metabolism
The four most common elements in living organisms are, in order od abundance, …..
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
Carbon atoms can join together to form …..
long chains or ring structures
Simple biological molecules act as ….
the building blocks for larger, complex biological molecules
Three types of macromolecules
polysaccharides
proteins (polypeptides)
nucleic acids(polynucleotides)
Definition of macromolecules
Large molecules are formed of many repeating monomers and joined by covalent bonds.
Definition of poly
many
Definition of polymer
a giant molecule made from many monomers joined in a chain
Definition of monomer
a relatively simple molecule which is used as a basic building block for the synthesis of a polymer
definition of mono
one
Definition of covalent bond
a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms
Definition of condensation reaction
a chemical reaction in which two simple molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the removal of one molecule of water
Definition of hydrolysis
A chemical reaction in which two molecules are broken apart with the addition of a water molecule.
Five examples of polysaccharide
Starch, glycogen, cellulose, protein, and nucleic acid
Two types of polysaccharides in starch
amylose and amylopectin
Definition of polysaccharide
A polymer formed by many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction
Definition of Monosaccharides
simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built
What is glycogen composed of
alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds
Cellulose is formed by ….
the condensation of β-glucose
Monomers from which proteins are made are …
amino acids
Monomers from which nucleic acid are made of …
nucleotides
Two examples of naturally occuring polymer
Cellulose and rubber
Four examples of indutrially produced polymer
Polyester, polythene, PVC ( polyvinyl chloride), and nylon
All carbohydrates contain the elements …
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Three main groups of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysacchirides.
Definition of saccharides
Sugar or sweet substance
How many sugar molecule does monosaccharide has?
one
Three main type of monosaccharides
Trioses (3C), pentoses (5C), hexoses (6C)
Three commmon hexoses
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Three common pectoses
Ribose and deoxyribose
The molecular formula for a hexose can be written as ….
C6H12O6
