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Zoology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Type/Category A of HIV symptoms

A

simple fever, headaches, rashes

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2
Q

serves as the guardhouse of the cell

A

plasma membrane

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3
Q

for the exchange of materials in and out of the cell, is a selective permeable

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

Contains genetic material​ and controls most of the cell’s activities​

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Helper T Lymphocytes

A

white blood cells

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6
Q

Do not dissolve in water​. Can be energy storage molecules in plants and animals​

A

lipids

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7
Q

Makes and detoxifies substances that can dissolve in lipids​ and makes several types of lipids​

A

Smooth ER

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8
Q

it acts as a soldier of the body

A

white blood cells

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9
Q

give 3 examples of proteins

A
  • amino acids
  • enzymes
  • hemoglobin
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10
Q

organelle in plants that surround plant cells

A

cell walls

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11
Q

weak, easily deformed bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

Any substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in water​

A

bases

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13
Q

what life characteristics viruses missed?

A

(1) responsiveness
(2) reproduction
(3) metabolism

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14
Q

a threat to the cell

A

HIV
AIDS

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15
Q

Powerhouse of the cell​ and provides fuels for all the cell’s function​

A

mitochondria

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16
Q

Any substance that gives off hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water​

A

acids

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17
Q

example of a polar covalent bond?

A

water or H2O

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18
Q

3 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?

A

acidic

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19
Q

give 2 examples of buffers

A

antacids, triple distilled water

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20
Q

2 atoms share a pair of electrons

A

covalent bonds

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21
Q

give 3 examples of nucleic acid?

A
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • rRNA
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22
Q

give the 6 modern cell theory

A
  • all living things are made up of one or more cells
  • cells are the basic living unit within organisms, and the chemical reactions of life take place within cells
  • all cells arise from pre-existing cells
  • energy production occurs within cells
  • heredity information (DNA) passed on from cell to cell
  • all cells have the same basic physical composition
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23
Q

give 3 examples of lipids

A
  • fats
  • wax
  • steroids
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24
Q

A chemical combination of two or more atoms held together by specific chemical bonds​

A

molecules

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25
Q

first shell of an energy shells can hold?

A

1 or 2 electrons

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26
Q

when a protein helps a substance cross to plasma membrane without the expenditure of energy

A

facilitated diffusion

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27
Q

4 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?

A

acidic

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28
Q

DNA is loose in the cell​. Generally have no internal membranous organelles​

A

prokaryotic cells

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29
Q

give elements present in lipids

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
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30
Q

greedier bond, get electron from atom

A

ionic bonds

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31
Q

Water creates ____________ so insects can slide on a “skin” of water​

A

surface tension

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32
Q

____________________ bonds are easily dissolved​

A

polar and ionic bonds

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33
Q

organelle in plants that function in food production and storage

A

plastids

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34
Q

chemical composition of water

A

H2O

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35
Q

second shell of an energy shells can hold?

A

8 electrons

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36
Q

11 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?

A

alkaline

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37
Q

organelle in plants that are fluid-filled sacs that maintain cell shape

A

vacuoles

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38
Q

what are the life characteristics of a virus once they infect a host cell?

A

(1) can evolve
(2) motility
(3) internal order

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39
Q

tail-like apparatus. helps to push and pull cell through cytoplasm

A

flagellum

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40
Q

transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration using energy

A

active transport

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41
Q

give 3 elements present in nucleic acids

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorous
42
Q

how much water inside our body?

A

approximately 60%

43
Q

_________ make up 98% of earth’s crust

A

7 elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

44
Q

allow cell-to-cell communication

A

communication junctions

45
Q

third shell of an energy shells can hold?

A

8 electrons

46
Q

what is the neutral pH level?

A

7

47
Q

how to date a living organism containing carbon?

A

Half-life: 14C

48
Q

Physical properties of an atom determined by:​

A
  • number of protons in a nucleus
  • protons affect the atom’s mass and attraction for electron
49
Q

outside exertion of molecules. vesicles merge with the plasma membrane to expel substances​

A

exocytosis

50
Q

T or F: There are 116 elements. 87 occur in nature and 29 are made in the lab

A

False, 118 elements, 89 nature

51
Q

Ribosomes attached to a flattened membrane in the cytoplasm​

A

RER/ rough endoplasmic reticulum

52
Q

the HIV lives inside the body for 8-10 years but there is still no cure, but there is a treatment. what is this?

A

HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

53
Q

stability of the connection

A

adhering junctions

54
Q

9 ph level is neutral, acidic, alkaline?

A

alkaline

55
Q

the cell membrane invaginates and takes in a substance. cells take in molecules

A

endocytosis

56
Q

what is the structure of atoms composed of?

A

(1) positive protons
(2) negative electron
(3) neutrons with no charge

57
Q

A three-dimensional structure of protein fibers forming a lattice in the cytoplasm, suspending the organelles and allowing the cell parts to move​

A

cytoskeleton

58
Q

Help to organize the cytoskeleton and they also guide the separation and movement of chromosomes ​

A

centrioles

59
Q

Form structural parts of cells. Control cell processes. Act as messengers ​

A

proteins

60
Q

measures the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a substances​

A

pH scale/pH meter

61
Q

they shared electrons spend more time with the oxygen than the hydrogen​

A

polar covalent bond

62
Q

salt is a polar compound called?

A

polar compounds

63
Q

is cause by a VIRUS

A

HIV

64
Q

it is a pure substance containing Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

A

element

65
Q

each element is compose of?

A

atoms

66
Q

Crucial to cell structure and energy storage​ and includes the sugars and starches​

A

carbohydrates

67
Q

what the 4 main types of biological molecules?

A

-carbohydrates
-lipids
-proteins
-nucleic acids

68
Q

refers to the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.​

A

half-life

69
Q

Semifluid in which organelles are suspended​

A

cytoplasm

70
Q

Can modify the newly made protein and Directs the finished protein to different parts of the cell to perform various activities​

A

golgi apparatus

71
Q

a cell engulfs debris​

A

phagocytosis

72
Q

give 3 elements present in proteins

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulfur
73
Q

if HIV is the virus: AIDS is?

A

the disease

74
Q

hair-like projections that help the cell to swim. breathing passages push mucus and dust up to your mouth and nose

A

cilia

75
Q

T or F: virus are living cause it can move

A

false, it is a nonliving entity

76
Q

it is the junction between animal cells

A

desmosomes

77
Q

Ways that animal cells attach to each other​

A

intercellular junctions

78
Q

any atom that losses an electron will become _____ ______

A

positively charge

79
Q

when small molecules go across the plasma membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration

A

simple diffusion

80
Q

it is the junction between plant cells

A

plasmodesmata

81
Q

what type of cell evolved first?

A

prokaryotic cells

82
Q

will give us a relevant way to explore basic chemical concepts, biological molecules, and the anatomy and function of animal cells​

A

AIDS threat to the cell

83
Q

what is an example of a nonpolar molecules or water fearing?

A

oils, wax, fats

84
Q

observed the cells inside of a cork with a very primitive microscope

A

Robert Hooke

85
Q

Type/Category B of HIV symptoms

A

rapid weight loss, loss of appetite, diarrhea, recurrent fever

86
Q

what is the most abundant element on Earth?

A

oxygen

87
Q

capable of dissolving other molecules​

A

solvents

88
Q

attach together adjacent membrane

A

tight junctions

89
Q

it is the smallest part of an element?

A

atom

90
Q

give 3 examples of carbohydrates

A
  • monosaccharides
  • polysaccarides
  • disaccarides
91
Q

Polar molecules can form?

A

hydrogen bonds

92
Q

dissolved substances

A

solute

93
Q

Agents that soak up or dole out hydrogen ions to control the pH level​

A

buffer

94
Q

T or F: viruses are nonliving but once they infect a host cell, they appear to be a living entity.

A

true

95
Q

make up 98% of a human or a fern​

A

(1) oxygen
(2) hydrogen
(3) carbon

96
Q

Type/Category C of HIV symptoms

A

white blood cells are completely weakened

97
Q

A bag of digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

98
Q

cells contain (3)

A

(1) carbon containing compound
(2) water
(3) ions

99
Q

give elements present in carbohydrates

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
100
Q

DNA is enclosed in a nucleus and associated with proteins​. Contains membrane-bound organelles​

A

Eukaryotic cells

101
Q

Proteins are synthesized here

A

ribosomes

102
Q

the center of an atom

A

nucleus

Zoology (2 decks)

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