Chapter 2

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

the study of right and wrong and of the morality of the choices individuals make

Question 2

Business ethics

Answer 2

the application of moral standards to business situations
Ethical issues often arise out of a business’s relationship with investors, customers, employees, creditors债权人, suppliers, or competitors

Question 3

Plagiarism

Answer 3

knowingly taking someone else’s words, ideas, or other original material without acknowledging the source

Question 4

Conflicts of interest

Answer 4

occur when a business person takes advantage of a situation for his or her interest利益 rather than for the employer’s interest利益

Question 5

Bribes

Answer 5

gifts, favors, or payments offered with the intent of influencing an outcome–are illegal in the U.S. and abroad.

Question 6

Unethical communication

Answer 6

False and misleading误导性 advertising is illegal and unethical

Question 7

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Answer 7

provides sweeping new legal protection for employees who report corporate misconduct

Question 8

Code of Ethics

Answer 8

a guide to acceptable and ethical behavior as defined by the organization

Question 9

Whistle-blowing

Answer 9

informing the press or government officials about unethical practices within one’s organization向新闻界或政府官员揭发组织内的不道德行为

Question 10

Social responsibility

Answer 10

the recognition that business activities have an impact on society and the consideration of that impact in business decision-making

Question 11

Corporate citizenship

Answer 11

adopting a strategic approach to fulfilling economic, ethical, environmental, and social responsibilities

Question 12

caveat emptor

Answer 12

a Latin phrase meaning “let the buyer beware”

Question 13

Economic model of social responsibility

Answer 13

the view that society will benefit most when business is left alone to produce and market profitable products that society needs

Question 14

Socioeconomic model of social responsibility

Answer 14

the concept that business should emphasize not only profits but also the impact of its decisions on society.

Question 15

Consumerism

Answer 15

all activities undertaken to protect the rights of consumers

Question 16

The fundamental issues in 3 categories

Answer 16

Environmental protection
Product performance and safety
Information disclosure

Question 17

6 Basic Rights of consumers

Answer 17

The right to safety
Products that consumers purchase must be safe for their intended use must include thorough and explicit directions for proper use, and must be tested by the manufacturer to ensure product quality and reliability
The right to be informed
Consumers must have access to complete information about a product before they buy it
The right to choose
Consumers must have a choice of products, offered by different manufacturers and sellers, to satisfy a particular need
The right to be heard
Someone will listen and take appropriate action when customers complain
The right to consumer education
People are entitled to be fully informed about their rights as consumers
The right to service
Consumers are entitled to convenience, courtesy, and responsiveness from manufacturers and sellers of consumer products.

Question 18

Public Health

Answer 18

Businesses have a basic responsibility to contribute to the general well-being of the public

Question 19

Minority

Answer 19

a racial religious, political, or other group regarded as different from the larger group of which it is a part and that is often singled out for unfavorable treatment

Question 20

Affirmative action programs

Answer 20

a plan designed to increase the number of minority employees at all levels within an organization

Question 21

2 problems of Affirmative action programs

Answer 21

Quotas–rules unconstitutional
Lack of support by some businesspeople

Question 22

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Answer 22

a government agency with the power to investigate complaints of employment discrimination and the power to sue firms that practice it

Question 23

Hard-core unemployed

Answer 23

workers with little education or vocational training and a long history of unemployment

Question 24

Pollution

Answer 24

the contamination of water, air, or land through the actions of people in an industrialized society.

Question 25

The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)

Answer 25

a federal agency charged with enforcing laws designed to protect the environment; watches for violations

Question 26

Recycling

Answer 26

converting used materials into new products or components for new products in order to prevent their unnecessary disposal

Question 27

Green marketing

Answer 27

the process of creating, making, delivering, and promoting products that are environmentally safe

Question 28

4 steps to Become an Effective Program for Social Responsibility

Answer 28

Securing the commitment of top executives
Planning
Appointing a director
Preparing a social audit

Question 29

Social audit

Answer 29

a comprehensive report of what an organization has done and is doing with regard to social issues that affect it.