Chapter 2 Flashcards
Frequency Distribution
A collection of observations produced by sorting observations into classes and showing their frequency (f) of occurrence in each class
Frequency Distribution for Ungrouped Data
A frequency distribution produced whenever observations are sorted into classes of single values
Frequency Distribution for Grouped Data
A frequency distribution produced whenever observations are sorted into classes of more than one value
Unit of Measurement
The smallest possible difference between scores within a particular set of data
Real Limits
Located at the midpoint of the gap between adjacent tabled boundaries
Outlier
A very extreme score
Relative Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution showing the frequency of each class as a fraction of the total frequency for the entire distribution
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution showing the total number of observations in each class and all lower-ranked classes
Percentile Rank of an Observation
Percentage of scores in the entire distribution with equal or smaller values than that score
Histogram
A bar-type graph for quantitative data. The common boundaries between adjacent bars emphasize the continuity of the data, as with continuous variables
Frequency Polygon
A line graph for quantitative data that also emphasizes the continuity of continuous variables
Stem and Leaf Display
A device for sorting quantitative data on the basis of leading and trailing digits
Positively Skewed Distribution
A distribution that includes a few extreme observations in the positive direction
Negatively Skewed Distribution
A distribution that includes a few extreme observations in the negative direction
Bar Graph
A bar-type graph for qualitative data. Gaps between adjacent bars emphasize the discontinuous nature of the data
