Chapter 2

Question 1

native

Answer 1

Type of word: Adjective or Noun

Meaning:

Adjective:

1. Belonging to a particular place by birth or origin; inherent to a specific region or environment.
2. Relating to the original inhabitants of a country, region, or area, often used to describe cultural or linguistic attributes.

Noun:

1. A person who is born in a specific place or country; someone’s place of origin.
2. The original or indigenous inhabitants of a place or region.

Chinese Meaning:

Adjective:

1. 本地的，土生土长的
2. 本国的，土著的

Noun:

1. 本地人，土生土长的人
2. 土著居民，原住民

Antonym(s): Foreign, non-native

Synonym(s): Adjective: Indigenous, local, natural
Noun: Inhabitant, local

Sample sentence:

Adjective:

1. Her native language is Spanish, but she has learned English fluently.
2. The tribe celebrated their native traditions during the cultural festival.

Noun:

1. He was proud of his roots and identified strongly with his native country.
2. The archaeologists studied the artifacts left behind by the natives who lived in the region centuries ago.

Question 2

respectable

Answer 2

Type of word: Adjective

Meaning:

1. Regarded as having high moral, social, or professional standards; commanding or deserving respect.
2. Worthy of esteem or admiration due to good character, conduct, or achievements.
3. Considered socially acceptable or honorable.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 值得尊敬的，受人尊重的
2. 品德好的，值得钦佩的
3. 社会上被认可的，有声望的

Antonym(s): Disreputable, unrespectable

Synonym(s): Esteemed, honorable, reputable

Sample sentence:

1. He is a respectable businessman known for his honesty and integrity.
2. Her many years of dedicated service to the community have earned her a respectable reputation.
3. The event was attended by a number of respectable figures from various fields.

Question 3

gentility

Answer 3

Type of word: Noun

Meaning:

1. The quality or condition of being genteel; having refined manners, good breeding, and social sophistication.
2. Polite and well-mannered behavior that is associated with higher social classes.
3. The state of being well-bred or belonging to an upper-class social status.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 优雅，文雅
2. 礼貌，彬彬有礼的行为
3. 贵族气质，上流社会地位

Synonym(s): Refinement, elegance, politeness

Antonym(s): Rudeness, coarseness, vulgarity

Sample sentence:

1. The gentility of the host and hostess was evident in every aspect of the elegant dinner party.
2. Her gentility and grace made her a favorite among the social elite.
3. The novel portrayed the struggles of a character who aspired to join the gentility of the upper class.

Question 4

indisposed

Answer 4

Type of word: Adjective

Meaning:

1. Unwilling or reluctant to do something; having a lack of inclination or desire.
2. Slightly unwell or not feeling well; experiencing mild illness or discomfort.
3. Inclined to be in a particular state or condition due to external factors.
4. Not available or unable to attend to something due to other commitments or reasons.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 不愿意的，不情愿的
2. 略微不适的，身体稍微不舒服的
3. 受外部因素影响，倾向于某种状态
4. 因其他原因不可用或无法参与某事

Antonym(s): Willing, eager

Synonym(s): Reluctant, unwell, averse

Sample sentence:

1. He was indisposed to attend the party because he preferred a quiet evening at home.
2. She felt indisposed with a mild headache and decided to rest for the day.
3. The team was indisposed to play the match due to the unfavorable weather conditions.
4. The speaker was indisposed to speak at the conference due to a prior engagement.

Question 5

homely

Answer 5

Type of word: Adjective

Meaning:

1. Having a simple, plain, or unpretentious appearance; lacking elegance or sophistication.
2. Characteristic of a comfortable and cozy home environment; warm and welcoming.
3. Relating to or characteristic of the domestic and familiar, often in a comforting or nostalgic way.
4. (British English) Plain or unattractive in appearance.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 朴素的，简朴的
2. 温馨舒适的，宜人的
3. 家常的，亲切的
4. （英式英语）外貌朴素或不吸引人的

Antonym(s):
1) Elegant, sophisticated
2) Uninviting, cold
3)
4) Attractive, beautiful

Synonym(s):
1) Plain, cozy, familiar
2) Welcoming, inviting, warm
3) Familiar, common, everyday
4) Plain, unattractive, ordinary-looking

Sample sentence:

1. The homely cabin in the woods was the perfect retreat for a peaceful vacation.
2. She created a homely atmosphere in her living room by using warm colors and soft lighting.
3. The smell of freshly baked cookies brought back homely memories of her childhood.
4. Despite her homely appearance, her kindness and humor made her very popular among her peers.

Question 6

pursuits

Answer 6

Type of word: Noun

Meaning:

1. Activities, tasks, or endeavors that someone engages in, often as a hobby, interest, or occupation.
2. The actions or efforts directed towards achieving a particular goal, aim, or objective.
3. The act of following or chasing after something, often in a literal or metaphorical sense.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 活动，追求，事务
2. 努力，追求，实现
3. 追逐，追求

Synonym(s): Activities, endeavors, activities

Antonym(s): Inactivity, idleness

Sample sentence:

1. Her creative pursuits include painting, writing, and playing musical instruments.
2. The company’s business pursuits have led to significant growth and expansion.
3. The cat’s swift pursuits of the moving laser pointer entertained the entire family.

Question 7

militia

Answer 7

Type of word: Noun

Meaning:

1. A military force composed of ordinary citizens, often organized on a local or regional level, typically for defense purposes.
2. An organized group of individuals who are not part of the regular armed forces but are trained and equipped to serve as a backup or auxiliary force during times of emergency.
3. The entire body of eligible citizens available for military service in a nation, including those not in active service.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 民兵，义勇军
2. 预备役军人，辅助军队
3. 全体合格公民，包括非现役军人

Synonym(s): Volunteer army, citizen army, reserve forces

Antonym(s): Regular army, professional military

Sample sentence:

1. During times of crisis, the local militia played a crucial role in defending the town.
2. The country’s militia forces were called upon to assist the national army during the natural disaster.
3. The militia is composed of individuals from various walks of life who are committed to protecting their community.

Question 8

embodied

Answer 8

Type of word: Verb (past tense of “embody”)

Meaning:

1. To represent or express a concept, idea, quality, or characteristic in a tangible or visible form.Synonyms for this meaning:
   Represent, depict, illustrate, symbolize, personify, materialize, typifyAntonyms for this meaning:
   Disembody, abstract, conceal, hide, obscure, distort
2. To incorporate or include something as an essential part of a larger whole.

Synonyms for this meaning:
Include, integrate, encompass, combine, assimilate, merge, comprise

Antonyms for this meaning:
Exclude, detach, separate, isolate, remove, segregate

3. To personify or exemplify a particular trait, principle, or belief.Synonyms for this meaning:
   Personify, symbolize, epitomize, manifest, typify, represent, demonstrateAntonyms for this meaning:
   Contradict, oppose, counteract, diverge, deviate, contradict
4. To give concrete existence or physical form to an abstract concept.Synonyms for this meaning:
   Materialize, substantiate, incarnate, realize, actualize, externalizeAntonyms for this meaning:
   Deemphasize, dematerialize, spiritualize, abstract, conceptualize

Chinese Meaning:

1. 具体表达，体现
2. 包含，包括
3. 体现，充分展示
4. 使具体化，赋予实体

Antonym(s):
1) 使脱离实体，抽象化
2) 排除，分离，孤立
3) 矛盾，反对
4) 使抽象化，使精神化

Sample sentence:

1. The sculpture effectively embodied the resilience and determination of the human spirit.
2. The updated curriculum embodies a holistic approach to education, incorporating both academic and practical skills.
3. Through her actions and words, she embodied the values of kindness and empathy that the organization stands for.
4. The architect’s design brought to life the abstract concept of harmony, effectively embodying the marriage of nature and structure.

Question 9

surprized

Answer 9

Type of word: Adjective (archaic spelling of “surprised”)

Meaning:

1. Feeling a sudden and unexpected sense of astonishment, amazement, or wonder due to an unexpected event or situation.

Synonyms: Astonished, amazed, taken aback, startled, shocked, flabbergasted, dumbfounded

Antonyms: Unaffected, unsurprised, prepared, expectant

Sample sentence:

1. She was completely surprized by the unexpected appearance of her childhood friend at the party.

Question 10

offend

Answer 10

Type of word: Verb

Meaning:

1. To cause displeasure, hurt, or upset to someone, often by words, actions, or behavior that are perceived as insulting, disrespectful, or inappropriate.

Synonyms: Upset, hurt, insult, wound, affront, displease, irritate, provoke

Antonyms: Please, satisfy, appease, delight, compliment, praise, flatter

Sample sentence:

1. His thoughtless comments unintentionally offend some of his colleagues during the meeting.

Question 11

the full command of

Answer 11

Type of word: Noun

Meaning: Complete control or mastery of something.

Synonyms: Mastery, control, expertise, proficiency, skill, ability

Antonyms: Lack of control, incompetence, ineptitude, clumsiness, awkwardness

Sample sentence:

The pianist had full command of her instrument, and her performance was flawless.

Question 12

bore

Answer 12

Type of word : noun

Meaning:
1. Complete control or mastery of something

Synonyms: mastery, control, expertise, proficiency, skill, ability

Antonyms: lack of control, incompetence, ineptitude, clumsiness, awkwardness

Sample sentence:
1. The pianist had full command of her instrument, and her performance was flawless.

Question 13

dissuaded

Answer 13

Type of word: verb

Meaning: To persuade someone not to do something.

Synonyms: deter, discourage, divert, thwart, unsell, repel

Antonyms: persuade, encourage, urge, induce, egg (on), exhort, goad

Sample sentence: The doctor tried to dissuade his patient from smoking.

Question 14

infinite

Answer 14

Type of word: Adjective

Meaning: Unlimited or unmeasurable in extent of space, duration of time, etc. Boundless; endless.

Synonyms: endless, boundless, unlimited, immeasurable, inexhaustible

Antonyms: finite, limited, restricted, measurable

Sample sentence: The concept of time is often described as infinite, stretching beyond human comprehension.

Question 15

mortification

Answer 15

Type of word: Noun

Meaning:

1. A feeling of deep embarrassment, shame, or humiliation, often resulting from a public or personal failure or mistake.
2. The process of decay or deterioration of organic matter, often referring to the breakdown of tissues after death.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 屈辱，羞愧
2. 腐烂，分解

Antonym(s): Pride, satisfaction

Synonym(s): Embarrassment, humiliation, shame

Sample sentence:

1. His mortification was evident when he realized he had mispronounced the guest’s name during the important event.
2. The mortification of the body’s tissues begins shortly after death due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.

Question 16

decorum

Answer 16

Type of word: Noun

Meaning:

1. Appropriate behavior, manners, and conduct in social or professional settings; proper etiquette and propriety.
2. Conformity to accepted standards of behavior, especially in formal situations.

Chinese Meaning:

1. 礼仪，得体
2. 得体，规矩

Antonym(s): Rudeness, impropriety

Synonym(s): Etiquette, propriety, politeness

Sample sentence: The attendees at the formal event displayed impeccable decorum, behaving with grace and adhering to the expected standards of conduct.

Question 17

threw (someone) off

Answer 17

Type of word: Phrasal verb

Meaning:
1. To cause confusion, distraction, or disturbance to someone’s thoughts, emotions, or plans.
2. To mislead or deceive someone intentionally.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 使困惑，使分心，或打乱某人的思绪、情绪或计划。
2. 故意误导或欺骗某人。

Antonym(s):
1. Assist
2. Clarify

Synonym(s):
1. Distract
2. Confuse

Sample sentence:
She threw me off with her sudden change of topic during the presentation, making it difficult for me to continue with my prepared points.

Question 18

ought

Answer 18

Type of word: Modal verb

Meaning:
1. Used to indicate moral obligation or duty.
2. Used to express a likelihood or probability.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 表示道德责任或义务。
2. 用于表达可能性或概率。

Antonym(s):
1. Should not
2. Must not

Synonym(s):
1. Should
2. Must

Sample sentence:
You ought to apologize for your behavior; it was quite rude to ignore her like that.

Question 19

great goodness

Answer 19

Type of word: Noun phrase

Meaning:
1. An expression of astonishment, surprise, or amazement, often used to emphasize a positive quality or characteristic.
2. A colloquial exclamation used to convey a sense of awe, wonder, or disbelief.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 一种表示惊讶、惊奇或赞叹的表达，通常用来强调积极的品质或特点。
2. 一种口语的感叹，用于传达敬畏、惊叹或不可思议的情感。

Antonym(s):
1. Mediocrity
2. Unimpressiveness

Synonym(s):
1. Amazing goodness
2. Incredible wonder

Sample sentence:
When they opened the door to their new home, they were met with a scene of great goodness—the view from the windows overlooked a beautiful, serene lake surrounded by lush greenery.

Question 20

bargain

Answer 20

Type of word: Noun / Verb

Meaning:
1. Noun:
a. A favorable or advantageous deal, often involving a lower price or better terms than expected.
b. An item or product bought at a lower cost than usual.
2. Verb:
a. To negotiate or discuss the terms of a deal or agreement, often with the aim of getting a better price.
b. To engage in the process of seeking a good deal or advantageous terms.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 名词：
a. 有利的交易或协议，通常涉及比预期更低的价格或更好的条件。
b. 以比平常更低的价格购买的物品或产品。
2. 动词：
a. 协商或讨论交易或协议的条件，通常旨在获得更好的价格。
b. 参与寻找有利交易或优越条件的过程。

Antonym(s):
1. Overpriced deal
2. Unfavorable agreement

Synonym(s):
1. Deal
2. Agreement

Sample sentence:
Noun:
1. She found a great bargain on that dress—she got it for half the price during the sale.
2. The antique shop was full of hidden bargains waiting to be discovered.

Verb:
1. He managed to bargain the price down by 20% during his negotiation with the seller.
2. Before making a purchase, it’s always a good idea to bargain with the seller to see if you can get a better deal.

Question 21

softening claim

Answer 21

Type of word: Noun phrase

Meaning:
1. The act of mitigating or making a statement or assertion less harsh, direct, or absolute.
2. Introducing a level of uncertainty or humility when presenting a statement, often to avoid sounding overly assertive or confrontational.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 缓和陈述或主张的行为，使其变得不那么严厉、直接或绝对。
2. 在陈述中引入一定程度的不确定性或谦逊，常常是为了避免听起来过于自信或对抗性。

Antonym(s):
1. Strong assertion
2. Clear declaration

Synonym(s):
1. Qualifying statement
2. Modifying claim

Sample sentence:
In the meeting, she used a softening claim to suggest a different approach, acknowledging that her idea might not be the only solution.

Question 22

lingering illness

Answer 22

Type of word: Noun phrase

Meaning:
1. A health condition or ailment that persists over an extended period, often longer than expected or desired.
2. An illness that doesn’t go away quickly and continues to affect someone’s health and well-being.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 持续较长时间的健康问题或疾病，通常持续时间超出预期或期望。
2. 一种不会迅速消失，继续影响某人健康和幸福感的疾病。

Antonym(s):
1. Swift recovery
2. Temporary discomfort

Synonym(s):
1. Persistent illness
2. Lingering health issue

Sample sentence:
Despite undergoing multiple treatments, her lingering illness continued to affect her energy levels and daily activities.

Question 23

reconciliation

Answer 23

Type of word: Noun

Meaning:
1. The act of reestablishing friendly or harmonious relationships between individuals or groups who were previously in conflict or disagreement.
2. The process of resolving differences, grievances, or disputes and achieving mutual understanding and acceptance.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 重新建立先前处于冲突或分歧状态的个人或团体之间友好或和谐的关系的行为。
2. 解决分歧、抱怨或争议，实现相互理解和接受的过程。

Antonym(s):
1. Conflict
2. Estrangement

Synonym(s):
1. Harmony
2. Settlement

Sample sentence:
The family’s reconciliation after years of feuding was a heartwarming event that brought tears of joy to everyone present.

Question 24

kindred

Answer 24

Type of word: Adjective / Noun

Meaning:
1. Adjective:
a. Similar or closely related in nature, origin, or character.
b. Sharing common qualities or interests.
2. Noun:
a. Relatives or family members.
b. People who share common ancestry or characteristics.

Chinese Meaning:
1. 形容词：
a. 在性质、起源或特征上相似或密切相关。
b. 具有共同的品质或兴趣。
2. 名词：
a. 亲戚或家庭成员。
b. 具有共同祖先或特征的人。

Antonym(s):
1. Unrelated
2. Dissimilar

Synonym(s):
1. Akin
2. Family

Sample sentence:
Adjective:
1. Their kindred spirits allowed them to easily connect and understand each other’s thoughts and feelings.
2. The two artists had a kindred appreciation for the beauty of nature.

Noun:
1. The family reunion brought together kindred from various parts of the world to celebrate their shared heritage.
2. The support group was formed by individuals with a kindred understanding of the challenges faced by people with disabilities.