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BIOLOGY > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Scrotum is connected to abdominal cavity by

A

Inguinal canal

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2
Q

Secretion of which cells inhibits FSH secretion in male

A

Sertoli cells

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3
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) Choir boys were often castrated to retain their high pitch voice. Castration led to deficiency in LH and FSH
(2) 20-25 vasa efferent a confluent to form a folded and coiled tube called epididymis behind each testis.
(3) Secretion of prostate gland is rich inprostaglandins, fructose, phosphate and Ca2ions
(4) Blood-testis barrier is formed by sustentacular cells.

A

Blood testis barrier is formed by sustentacular cells

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4
Q

What is the pathway of sperm in males

A

Seminiferous tubule—>rete testis —>Vasa efferntia—>epididymis —>vasa defferns—>Ejaculatory duct—>Urethra

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5
Q

Ejaculatory duct is formed with ducts of which glands

A

seminal vesicle + vas deferens

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6
Q

Which gland provides charachteristic odour to the seminal fluid in male’s

A

Prostate gland

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7
Q

Secretion of seminal vesicle

A

Prostaglandin fructose and inositol fibrinogen citrate ion.

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8
Q

Secretion of prostate gland

A

Alkaline component , calcium ,phosphate ions and profibrinolysin, PSA

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9
Q

Prostatitis

A

Inflammation of prostate gland

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10
Q

Seminal vesicle is single or paired

A

Paired

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11
Q

Prostate gland is (shape)

A

Chest nut

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12
Q

Bulbourethral gland (paired / single)

A

Paired

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13
Q

Secretion of bulbourethral gland

A

Viscous fluid and acts as lubricants

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14
Q

Semen is

A

Sperms + seminal fluid

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15
Q

Avg volume of semen per ejaculate

A

2.5 to 3 ml

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16
Q

PH of semen

A

7.2 to 7.7

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17
Q

Ejaculation Is due to _________ activity

A

Sympathetic activity

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18
Q

Erection of penis is due to _______ activity

A

Parasympathetic activity

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19
Q

Corpus cavernosa is _________(single /paired)

A

Paired

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20
Q

What is present in corpus cavernosa(urethra/deep artery)

A

Deep artery

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21
Q

Function of fructose

A

Provides nourishment to sperm

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22
Q

Function of inositol

A

Synthesis atp for sperm motility

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23
Q

Function of fibrinogen

A

Coagulation of sperm

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24
Q

Profibrinolysin

A

Inactive fibrinolysin that breaks fibrinogen for liquefaction of sperm in female tract

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25
Q

What is the percent contribution of cowper gland in semen

A

5%

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26
Q

Criterion for deciding the male infertile

A

Sperm count less than 20 million

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27
Q

Which cells in male secrete androgen

A

Leydigs cell

28
Q

What provides negative feedback to avoid excess of testosterone

A

Sertoli cells secrete inhibin

29
Q

What is degeneration of follicle in female before puberty called

A

Follicular attresia

30
Q

Spermatogenesis starts ……..

A

After puberty

31
Q

Oogenesis starts in female………

A

During embryonic stage

32
Q

How many graffian follicular rupture during female reproductive life……..

A

400

33
Q

Vaginal opening is covered by thin membrane called

A

Hymen

34
Q

Labia majora is homologous to

A

Scrotum

35
Q

Clitoris is homologous to

A

Penis

36
Q

Bartholins gland in female is homologous to

A

Cowpers gland (male)

37
Q

Skene gland /para urethral gland is homologous to

A

Prostate gland

38
Q

Clitoris is homologous to penis because

A

Made up of erectile tissue

39
Q

Function of Skene gland

A

Secrete mucous

40
Q

Function of Bartholins gland

A

Alkaline mucous that lubricates penis during coitus

41
Q

Mammary gland is modification of

A

Sweat gland

42
Q

Mammary gland is present

A

Above pectoralis muscle above ribs

43
Q

Areola is

A

Highly pigmented part around nipple

44
Q

Spermatid is

A

Heavy non motile

45
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Light motile

46
Q

Conversion of spermatid to spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

47
Q

Viability of sperm in female tract

A

48-72 hrs

48
Q

ICSH stimulates

A

Leydigs cells to secrete androgen

49
Q

FSH stimulates (in males)

A

Sertoli cells

50
Q

Which follicle has Secondary oocyte first

A

Tertiary follicle

51
Q

Why do polar bodies get formed do they divide and what is their fate

A

No they do not divide and they get degenerated

52
Q

1st polar body is formed in which part of female body

A

Ovary

53
Q

Second polar body gets formed in which part of female body

A

In ampulla

54
Q

If a female has cycle of 26 days , what will be the day of ovulation.

A

26 - 14 = 12

55
Q

Why does menses occur

A

If Female egg not fertile and corpus leuteum gets degenerated there is sudden decrease of Progesterone which is an anti gonadotropin hormone

56
Q

Estrogen provide what type of feedback to hypothalamus

A

Positive feedback to release LH , cause LH surge

57
Q

LH surge causes

A

LH surge cause rupture of graffian follicle and release of secondary oocyte

58
Q

Capacitation

A

Speeding up movement of sperm

59
Q

Why is removal of cholesterol membrane from sperm important

A

For capacitation

60
Q

Fast check to polyspermy

A

Depolarization of oolemma

61
Q

Slow block to check polyspermy

A

Cortical reaction : Change in structure of Zona pellucida

62
Q

Nucleiocytoplasmic ratio( remains same/increases/decrease)

A

Increases

63
Q

Humans have which type of cleavage

A

Radial indeterminate holoblastic

64
Q

Synsytiotrophoblast secrete

A

Lytic enzyme

65
Q

Pregnancy test

A

Gravidex test (presence of HCG)

BIOLOGY (3 decks)

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