Chapter 2

Question 1

Frequency (fi)

Answer 1

the counts or number of observations that fall into a given class/category of a variable
or that have a given value of the variable

Question 2

Frequency distribution

Answer 2

a listing/presentation of all classes/categories or values of a variable, together with the number of observations (frequency) for each class or value
* May be presented in a table or a graph

Question 3

Relative frequency

Answer 3

the ratio of the frequency of a class/category (or certain value) to the total number of observations

Question 4

Area Principle

Answer 4

Area under the graph must equal the value (frequency, percentage) being presented

Question 5

Marginal distributions

Answer 5

frequency distribution of each variable

Question 6

Joint distributions

Answer 6

frequency distribution of joint events

Question 7

Conditional distribution

Answer 7

requency distribution for one category of a variable at a time

Question 8

Independence of Variables

Answer 8

Variables are said to be independent if the distribution of one variable is the same for all categories of the other variable. This means there is no association between the two variables (they are independent)

Question 9

Association between variables

Answer 9

a change in one variable is associated with or accompanied by a change in the other
variable or, you can say that one variable is dependent upon the other variable

Question 10

Subjective method

Answer 10

If you have data for only a sample, this can only be used as a subjective method to give an
indication of whether there is an association,

Question 11

Objective Method

Answer 11

But, if you have data for an entire population, this is an objective method