Chapter 2 Flashcards
Introduction of Theory of Evolution
Natural selection: an evolutionary process by which individuals
of a species that are best adapted are the ones that survive and
leave the fittest offspring.
* Adaptive behavior: behavior that promotes an organism’s
survival in the natural habitat, because an organism possesses
characteristics needed for survival.
Evolutionary Psychology
emphasizes the importance of
adaptation and reproduction to ensure survival.
* Offspring that adapts, develops behaviors and possesses
self-protective traits survive.
Genetic code of Fertlized Human Egg
Fertilization: the reproductive stage when egg and sperm fuse to
create a zygote.
* Zygote: a single cell, formed through fertilization, in which 23
unpaired chromosomes from the egg and 23 unpaired
chromosomes from the sperm combine.
Genes
units of hereditary information composed of D N A.
* Help cells to reproduce themselves.
Meiosis
cell division forming eggs and sperm (or gametes)
Fertilization
the reproductive stage when egg and sperm fuse to
create a zygote.
Zygote
a single cell, formed through fertilization, in which 23
unpaired chromosomes from the egg and 23 unpaired
chromosomes from the sperm combine
Number of chromosomes in all cells in the human body (except sperm/egg cells)
23 pairs=46 chromosomes
Identical/Fraternal twin development
Identical twins: In identical twins (or monozygotic twins), a single zygote splits into two genetically identical replicas and becomes two
individuals.
Fraternal twins: In fraternal twins (or dizygotic twins), two eggs fertilized by different sperm create two nonidentical zygotes as genetically
similar as ordinary siblings.
Mutated gene
a permanently altered segment of D N A.
When a mutated gene is carried on the X chromosome, the
result is called X-linked inheritance.
* Most X-linked inherited diseases manifest in males, who have
only one X chromosome
Susceptibility Genes
genes that make the individual more
vulnerable to specific diseases or accelerated aging.
Genotype
a person’s genetic material.
Recessive gene/dominant gene
Dominant-recessive genes principle:
* One gene of a pair always exerts its effects, overriding the
potential influence of the other gene.
Ultrasound/MRI- What are they used for? Define.
Ultrasound: an imaging method that uses sound waves to produce images of structures within your body.
MRI: A procedure that uses radio waves, a powerful magnet, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body.
They are used to see whether or not a baby is developing correctly
Placenta
a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood
vessels from the mother and the fetus intertwine but do not join
