Chapter 2

Question 2

Constitution

Answer 2

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Question 3

Declaration of independence

Answer 3

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Question 4

Natural rights

Answer 4

Many philosophers and political scientists make a distinction between natural rights and legal rights.

Question 5

Consent of the governed

Answer 5

government must be based on the consent of the people who live under its command

Question 6

Limited government

Answer 6

the idea that certain things are out of bounds for government because of the natural rights of citizens

Question 7

Articles of confederation

Answer 7

the first Constitution of the United States adopted by Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781 the articles established a national legislature the Continental Congress but most of authority rested with the state legislatures

Question 8

Shay’s rebellion

Answer 8

a series of attacks on court houses by a small band of farmers led by revolutionary war captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings

Question 9

US constitution

Answer 9

set forth the institutional structure of u s government and tasks the institutions perform

Question 10

factions

Answer 10

interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist Papers number 10

Question 11

New Jersey plan

Answer 11

called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state’s population

Question 12

Virginia plan

Answer 12

representation of each state In Congress in proportion to that states share of the US population

Question 13

Connecticut compromise

Answer 13

representation is based on a states share of the US population and in the Senate in which each state has two representatives

Question 14

Writ of habeaus corpus

Answer 14

a court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody

Question 15

Separation of powers

Answer 15

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

Question 16

Checks and balances

Answer 16

counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

Question 17

Republic

Answer 17

a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

Question 18

federalists

Answer 18

a member or supporter of the Federalist Party.

Question 19

Anti-Federalists

Answer 19

Opposed current constitution

Question 20

Bill of Rights

Answer 20

a statement of the rights of a class of people, in particular.

Question 21

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 21

proposed amendment to the US Constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one’s sex.

Question 22

Federalists papers

Answer 22

series of essays explaining and defending the national government created by the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Question 23

Marbury v Madison

Answer 23

Marbury v. Madison, is a landmark case in United States law. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.

Question 24

judicial review

Answer 24

review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.