Chapter 2 Flashcards
A twisting force
Torsion
An internal force, measured in pounds per unit area, that resists a load
Stress
A direct pushing force, in line with the axis member
Compression
An internal force, percent of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed
Strain
A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
Lateral impact load
The weight of the building
Dead Load
The weight of the building’s contents
Live Load
A force that is perpendicular to the plane of a section but does not pass through the center of the section
Eccentric Load
A pulling or stretching force, in line with the axis of the body
Tension
A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface
Concentrated Load
The wall that typically has the highest fire rating and is the strongest within a building is a :
Fire wall
The type of connection that allows the weight of the building to hold them in place
Gravity connection
There are numerous types of beams; the type that is supported at three or more points is a ________ beam
Continuous
The line along a beam that does not change is the _____ or plane
Neutral axis
The most effective shape for a column is one that:
distributes the material equally around the axis as far as possible from the center of the cylinder.
A structural member that transmits a compression force along a straight path in the direction of the member is called a:
Column
The ______ of a beam is the result of the force exerted by a beam on a support.
reaction
A ______wall acts as one unit
homogeneous
Steel heated to 1000 degrees elongates _______ per 100 feet of length.
9 inches
Which of the following are commonly used in heavy timber buildings?
Self Releasing Floors
A/An ______ is made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams.
Flitch plate girder
The combination of two different materials in a floor is called a/an ______ floor.
Composite
Externally braced buildings are known as ______.
Tube structure
The rate of available energy released is the ______.
Heat release rate (HRR)
When changes are made in the foundation of an existing wall, it may be necessary to insert a/an ____.
Needle beam
A/An ______ is probably the oldest structural member/
Beam
Struts or rakers are other names for ______ columns.
Nonvertical
A/An ______ beam moves loads laterally when it is not convenient to arrange columns in an ideal way.
transfer
It is important to know how loads are _____ from one point application to the ground.
transmitted
Some steel buildings have connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building; this is known as a/an _________ design.
Plastic
T/F
Vierendeel trusses are squares with weak corner bracings.
False
T/F
An axial load is a force that passes through the centroid of the section under consideration.
True
T/F
The best way to rate a building component is based on its ultimate strength.
False
T/F
Prefire plans should note the estimated fire load.
True
T/F
A typical sofa has a peak HRR of 1500 kW.
False
T/F
A steel beam resting on a masonry wall is an example of a concentrated load.
True
T/F
Suspended loads depend on interior columns for support.
False
T/F
The universal spacing for sawn wooden beams in ordinary construction is 12 inches.
False
T/F
A theater marquee is an example of a cantilever beam.
False
T/F
Steel beams are typically I-shaped.
True
What is the difference between panel (curtain) walls and party walls?
…
What are the two general types of connections?
…
How can a connection fail?
…
Name three methods of wall bracing.
…
What are Euler’s Law columns?
…
A wedge-shaped block whose converging sides radiate from the center forming an element of an arch or vaulted ceiling
Voussoir
Bricks designed to join wythes
headers
In place when a mass of masonry is placed against a wall to strengthen it
Buttress
Braces a column diagonally
raker
A masonry column, built on the inside surface of a wall
pilaster
The outside member of a truss, as opposed to the inner webbed members
chord
The end of a joist is cut off at an angle to permit the joist to fall out of the wall without damaging the wall
fire cut
A truss that has very rigid corner bracing
vierendeel
A beam and column combined into a single unit
arch
Wall that divides tenant spaces
demising
