Chapter 2 Flashcards
AIDS
Acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ANTIBODIES
Immunoglobulins that develop in response to an antigen; also called immune bodies; proteins that the body produces to react to and to render the antigen harmless
Allergen
An environmental substance that causes an allergic reaction
Allergy
The state when the immune response is too intense or hypersensitive to an environmental substance
Anoxia
No oxygen
Autoimmunity
The state when the immune response attacks itself
Antigens
A cell marker that induces a state of sensitivity after coming in contact with an antibody; any substance that causes the body some type of harm
Atrophy
A decrease in cell size, which leads to a decrease in the size of the tissue an organ
Bariatrics
The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of obesity
Cachexia
A term used to describe any individual who has an ill, thin, wasted appearance
Benign
Having limited growth; noncancerous
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A measurement obtained by dividing the individual’s weight in pounds by his or her height in inches. A BMI Scale uses these figures to determine levels of obesity
Congenital
Present at birth; usually concerning a congenital anomaly or an abnormality present at birth
Degenerative
Disease related to aging, or destruction of tissue, functions, and use
Cancer
Any malignant tumor
Gangrene
A condition occurring when saprophytic (dead tissue loving) bacteria become involved in necrotic tissue
Enteral
Relating to the small intestine
Dysplasia
An alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells
Encapsulated
Enclosed in a capsule; term used ro describe benign tumors
Hyperplasia
Too much, an increase in cell number; overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus
Hypertrophy
An increase in the size of the cell, leading to an increase in tissue and organ size
Hypoxia
Not enough oxygen in tissues
Immunodeficiency
The state when the immune response is unable to defend the body due to a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes
Infection
Invasion of microorganisms into the tissue, causing cell or tissue injury, thus leading to the inflammatory response
Ischemia
Hold back, hypoxia of cells or tissue caused by decreased blood flow
Inflammation
A basic pathologic process of cytologic and chemical reactions that occur in the blood vessels and tissues in response to an injury or irritation, a protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury or irritant
Infarct
Necrosis of cells or tissues due to ischemia
Metastasize
To move or spread
Metaplasia
A cellular adaptation in which the cell changes to another type of cell
Malignant
Deadly or progressing to death; cancerous
