Chapter 2

Question 1

AIDS

Answer 1

Acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 2

ANTIBODIES

Answer 2

Immunoglobulins that develop in response to an antigen; also called immune bodies; proteins that the body produces to react to and to render the antigen harmless

Question 3

Allergen

Answer 3

An environmental substance that causes an allergic reaction

Question 4

Allergy

Answer 4

The state when the immune response is too intense or hypersensitive to an environmental substance

Question 5

Anoxia

Answer 5

No oxygen

Question 6

Autoimmunity

Answer 6

The state when the immune response attacks itself

Question 7

Antigens

Answer 7

A cell marker that induces a state of sensitivity after coming in contact with an antibody; any substance that causes the body some type of harm

Question 8

Atrophy

Answer 8

A decrease in cell size, which leads to a decrease in the size of the tissue an organ

Question 9

Bariatrics

Answer 9

The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of obesity

Question 10

Cachexia

Answer 10

A term used to describe any individual who has an ill, thin, wasted appearance

Question 11

Benign

Answer 11

Having limited growth; noncancerous

Question 12

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 12

A measurement obtained by dividing the individual’s weight in pounds by his or her height in inches. A BMI Scale uses these figures to determine levels of obesity

Question 13

Congenital

Answer 13

Present at birth; usually concerning a congenital anomaly or an abnormality present at birth

Question 14

Degenerative

Answer 14

Disease related to aging, or destruction of tissue, functions, and use

Question 15

Cancer

Answer 15

Any malignant tumor

Question 16

Gangrene

Answer 16

A condition occurring when saprophytic (dead tissue loving) bacteria become involved in necrotic tissue

Question 17

Enteral

Answer 17

Relating to the small intestine

Question 18

Dysplasia

Answer 18

An alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells

Question 19

Encapsulated

Answer 19

Enclosed in a capsule; term used ro describe benign tumors

Question 20

Hyperplasia

Answer 20

Too much, an increase in cell number; overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus

Question 21

Hypertrophy

Answer 21

An increase in the size of the cell, leading to an increase in tissue and organ size

Question 22

Hypoxia

Answer 22

Not enough oxygen in tissues

Question 23

Immunodeficiency

Answer 23

The state when the immune response is unable to defend the body due to a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes

Question 24

Infection

Answer 24

Invasion of microorganisms into the tissue, causing cell or tissue injury, thus leading to the inflammatory response

Question 25

Ischemia

Answer 25

Hold back, hypoxia of cells or tissue caused by decreased blood flow

Question 26

Inflammation

Answer 26

A basic pathologic process of cytologic and chemical reactions that occur in the blood vessels and tissues in response to an injury or irritation, a protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury or irritant

Question 27

Infarct

Answer 27

Necrosis of cells or tissues due to ischemia

Question 28

Metastasize

Answer 28

To move or spread

Question 29

Metaplasia

Answer 29

A cellular adaptation in which the cell changes to another type of cell

Question 30

Malignant

Answer 30

Deadly or progressing to death; cancerous