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Prin of RAD - 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy and Physiology

A

The study of form (anatomy) and function (physiology) and the relationship between them.

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2
Q

What is Osteology?

A

The study of bones

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3
Q

What are the 4 fundamental planes of the body?

A

Midsagittal
Coronal
Horizontal
Oblique

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4
Q

Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?

A

Midsagittal

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5
Q

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior?

A

Horizontal

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6
Q

Which plane divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves?

A

Mid-Coronal

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7
Q

Which plane passes through the body at any angle between the sagittal, coronal and horizontal planes?

A

Oblique

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8
Q

The ____ plane is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaw closed.

A

Occlusal

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9
Q

The ____ plane transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests at the level of L4.

A

Interiliac

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10
Q

What are the 2 main body cavities?

A

Thoracic
Abdominal

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11
Q

What structures are in the Thoracic cavity?

A

Heart
Pericardium
Lungs
Pleural membranes
Trachea
Esophagus

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12
Q

What structures are in the Abdominal cavity?

A

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Kidneys
Ureters
Spleen
Stomach
Peritoneum
Intestines
Bladder
Rectum
Part of the reproductive system

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13
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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13
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A

R+L hypochondriac, Epigastric
R+L lateral, Umbilical
R+L inguinal, Hypogastric

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14
Q

What vertebrae is in line with the jugular notch?

A

T2,T3

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15
Q

The inferior angles of the scapulae are in line with which vertebrae?

A

T7

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16
Q

The Xiphoid process is in line with which vertebrae?

A

T9/T10 (Xiphoid - roman numeral X=10)

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17
Q

The iliac crest is in line with which vertebrae?

A

L4/L5

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18
Q

What are the 4 body habitus’?

A

Asthenic - Tall and thin
Sthenic - Bout average
Hyposthenic - hardest to determine
Hypersthenic - Big

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19
Q

Which body habitus is most common?

A

Sthenic

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20
Q

In which body habitus is the heart most transverse?

A

Hypersthenic

21
Q

What percent of the population has a sthenic body habitus?

A

50%

22
Q

What percent of the population has a hyposthenic body habitus?

A

35%

23
Q

In which body habitus is the stomach lowest?

A

Asthenic (-10% of the population)

24
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

25
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

26
Q

True or False: Yellow marrow produces red AND white blood cells.

A

False: Red marrow produces red and white blood cells. Yellow marrow stores fat

27
Q

Blood vessels and nerves enter and exit bones at the same point through openings called ____.

A

Foramina (a foramen)

28
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

A

Patella (Knee cap)

29
Q

The Cranium, Sternum, and Scapula are all examples of what type of bone? (Long, Short, Flat, Irreg., or Sesamoid)

A

Flat

30
Q

What is Arthrology?

A

The study of joints or articulations between joints

31
Q

What is a synarthrotic joint?

A

An immovable joint

32
Q

What is an amphiarthrotic joint?

A

A semi-movable joint

33
Q

What is the term for a freely movable joint?

A

Diarthroses

34
Q

What is the only saddle joint in the body?

A

Carpometacarpal joint (between trapezium+1st metacarpal) - REGISTRY QUESTION

35
Q

In what projection is the CR angulated with the long axis of a specific body part?

A

Axial

36
Q

What is another term for “skimming” a body part?

A

Tangential

37
Q

Another term for dorsal recumbent is ____.

A

Supine

38
Q

What is prone, and what is another way of saying it?

A

Patient is laying on their stomach
Ventral recumbent

39
Q

What body position has the patients head lower than the body?

A

Trendelenburg

40
Q

What is the SIMS position?

A

Patient is recumbent on their left anterior side with the left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed.

41
Q

What is the SIMS position typically used for?

A

Barium enemas in fluoroscopy.

42
Q

How is the body positioned for the Fowler’s position?

A

The patient is supine with their head higher than the feet.

43
Q

What side of the body is closest to the IR in the RAO position?

A

Right anterior

44
Q

What side of the body is closest to the IR in the LPO position?

A

Left posterior

45
Q

What side of the body is closest to the IR in the RPO position?

A

Right posterior

46
Q

What is the term for turning a body part outward?

A

Eversion

47
Q

Circular movement of a limb is called ____.

A

Circumduction

48
Q

Movement of a body part away from the center is called ____.

A

Abduction

49
Q

Rotation of a body part around its axis is called ____.

A

Rotation

50
Q

Forced or excessive extension of a limb or joint is called ____.

A

Hyperextension

Prin of RAD - 1 (3 decks)

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