Chapter 2 Flashcards
What happens when an atom gains or loses an electron?
An ion forms
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
What happens when atoms in molecules share pairs of electrons?
Covalent bond
What gives water many properties that are important to living things?
Hydrogen bonding
What is unique about carbon?
Bonding properties
What are four main types of carbon based molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
What are animal fats and plant oils made of?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is the process called when substances change into different substances when bonds break and form?
Chemical reactions
What are chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release?
Endothermic
Activation energy needed for chemical reaction is decreased by ______.
Catalyst
What are the three steps of the lock and key model?
- Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites
- The enzyme brings substrates together and weakens their bonds
- The catalyst reactions forms a product that is released from the enzyme
What is the symbol for oxygen?
O
What is the symbol for hydrogen?
H
Why do atoms give and receive electrons?
To form bonds and they want to be stable
Why are atoms forming bonds?
To be stable and create molecules and compounds
What is the symbol for nitrogen?
N
What is the symbol for carbon?
C
What is the symbol for calcium and potassium?
Ca and k
What is the symbol for sulfur?
S
What is the symbol for iron and chromium?
Fe, cr
How many electrons are in the outermost energy level of a hydrogen atom?
1
How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of a hydrogen atom?
1 proton 0 neutron
How many electrons are in the outermost energy level of a oxygen atom?
6
How many electrons are in the inner level of a oxygen atom?
2 electrons
How many neutrons and protons are in the nucleus of an oxygen atom?
8 protons 8 neutrons
Are electrons positive or negative?
Negative
Are protons positive or negative?
Positive
What makes up an amino group?
One nitrogen and 2 carbon atoms
Why does carbon make single and double bonds?
They have 4 unpaired electrons in the outer energy level (extra electrons)
What does it make when an amino acid is linked with a peptide bond?
They can form polypeptide chain
What is a polymer made of monomer with amino acids?
Protein
