Chapter 2 Flashcards
Civilization Theory
The historical link between crime and civility suggests that violent crime decreased as civility transformed violent societies into more peaceful modern times
Modernization Theory
The social processes accompanying industrial development result in conditions conducive to invaded criminality
World System Theory
As capitalism expands, it disrupts indigenous cultures and traditional means of subsistence and results inequality and class conflict
International Crime
Any criminal behavior that affects human kind. Acts that threaten world order and security
Transnational Crime
Criminal acts that span national borders. Violating laws of other societies and countries
Cyber Crime
cyber attacks, cyber theft, and other incidents like Edward Snowden
Drug Trafficking
production, trafficking, consumption
Trafficking Persons
Human trafficking is the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud, or deception, with the aim of exploiting them. Major types: sex and forced labor
Smuggling
The person being smuggled is generally cooperative. Persons smuggled are complicit in smuggling crime. The illegal entry or attempted entry of a person or persons from one country into another
Comparative Criminology
studies crime as a social phenomenon and behavior
Comparative Criminal Justice
how various countries attempt to maintain social order and accomplish justice
Arms Trafficking
Illegal selling or smuggling of weapons and ammunitions
Statutory and/or written laws define, describe, and create legal rights and obligations
Substantive Criminal Law
Describes mechanisms of enforcing the rights of substantive law
Procedural Criminal Law
Regulates dries between persons/citizens and deals with wrongful acts
Civil Law
Deals with crimes that must have punishments and a source of law (established previously by government)
Criminal Law
General characteristics of Substantive Criminal Law?
Political (crime must be defined by political power) Specific (in what constitutes a crime) Uniform (apply to anyone) Penal Sanction (must be a penalty for a crime)
Principles of Criminal Liability
Mens rea, Actus Reus, Concurrence, Harm, Causation, punishment, legality
Two mechanisms of Procedural Law
Crime control model and Due Process Model
A theory of criminal justice with an emphasis on police and prosecutorial powers with less emphasis on individual liberties
Crime Control Model
A theory of criminal justice focusing on individual liberties and rights that limits the power of the government
Due Process Model
Alternatives to Procedural Law Models?
Victim’s rights:
Restorative Justice - victim take an active role in criminal outcome of perpetrators
Non-Punitive:
Rehabilitation procedures,alternatives to incarceration, community-base programs, education, boot camps.
