Chapter 2

Question 0

Civilization Theory

Answer 0

The historical link between crime and civility suggests that violent crime decreased as civility transformed violent societies into more peaceful modern times

Question 1

Modernization Theory

Answer 1

The social processes accompanying industrial development result in conditions conducive to invaded criminality

Question 2

World System Theory

Answer 2

As capitalism expands, it disrupts indigenous cultures and traditional means of subsistence and results inequality and class conflict

Question 3

International Crime

Answer 3

Any criminal behavior that affects human kind. Acts that threaten world order and security

Question 4

Transnational Crime

Answer 4

Criminal acts that span national borders. Violating laws of other societies and countries

Question 5

Cyber Crime

Answer 5

cyber attacks, cyber theft, and other incidents like Edward Snowden

Question 6

Drug Trafficking

Answer 6

production, trafficking, consumption

Question 7

Trafficking Persons

Answer 7

Human trafficking is the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud, or deception, with the aim of exploiting them. Major types: sex and forced labor

Question 8

Smuggling

Answer 8

The person being smuggled is generally cooperative. Persons smuggled are complicit in smuggling crime. The illegal entry or attempted entry of a person or persons from one country into another

Question 9

Comparative Criminology

Answer 9

studies crime as a social phenomenon and behavior

Question 10

Comparative Criminal Justice

Answer 10

how various countries attempt to maintain social order and accomplish justice

Question 11

Arms Trafficking

Answer 11

Illegal selling or smuggling of weapons and ammunitions

Question 12

Statutory and/or written laws define, describe, and create legal rights and obligations

Answer 12

Substantive Criminal Law

Question 13

Describes mechanisms of enforcing the rights of substantive law

Answer 13

Procedural Criminal Law

Question 14

Regulates dries between persons/citizens and deals with wrongful acts

Answer 14

Civil Law

Question 15

Deals with crimes that must have punishments and a source of law (established previously by government)

Answer 15

Criminal Law

Question 16

General characteristics of Substantive Criminal Law?

Answer 16

Political (crime must be defined by political power)
Specific (in what constitutes a crime)
Uniform (apply to anyone)
Penal Sanction (must be a penalty for a crime)

Question 17

Principles of Criminal Liability

Answer 17

Mens rea, Actus Reus, Concurrence, Harm, Causation, punishment, legality

Question 18

Two mechanisms of Procedural Law

Answer 18

Crime control model and Due Process Model

Question 19

A theory of criminal justice with an emphasis on police and prosecutorial powers with less emphasis on individual liberties

Answer 19

Crime Control Model

Question 20

A theory of criminal justice focusing on individual liberties and rights that limits the power of the government

Answer 20

Due Process Model

Question 21

Alternatives to Procedural Law Models?

Answer 21

Victim’s rights:
Restorative Justice - victim take an active role in criminal outcome of perpetrators
Non-Punitive:
Rehabilitation procedures,alternatives to incarceration, community-base programs, education, boot camps.