Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is a neuron or nerve cell
the basic unit of the nervous system composed of dendrites, cell body, an axon, and a axon terminal. it receives input from other neurons
What is a glial cell?
non-neural brain cell the provides structural nutrition to support the brain–also participates in informational processing
What is a synapse?
the cellular location where information is transmitted from a neuron to another cell
What is a dendrite?
the extension of the cell body that receives information from other cells
What is a cell body or soma?
the region of a neuron that is defined by the presence of the cell neucleus
What is an axon?
also called a nerve fiber. the extension from the nerve cell that carries action potentials from the cell body towards the axon terminal
What is an axon terminal?
also called synaptic buton. The end of an axon or axon collateral which forms a synapse on a neuron or cell
What is a motoneuron?
a neuron that transmits neural messages to muscles or glands
What is a sensory neuron?
a nerve cell that is affected by changes in the environment such as light, odor, or touch
What is an interneuron?
a nerve cell that receives input from and send output to other neurons (is not a senor or moto)
What is a mutipolor neuron?
many dendrites and a single axon- most common neuron
what is a bipolar neuron?
single dendrite at one end and a single axon at the other end. this neuron is common in sensory systems like vision
What is presynaptic?
region of a synapse that releases the neurotransmitter
What do Golgi stains do?
fill the whole cell including dendritic spines
What do Nissl stains do?
outline all cell bodies because the dyes are attraced to RNA
