Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is excitation?
Electrons in a atom are moved to a higher energy state without being removed from the atom
What is the equation for velocity of all EM radiation ( speed of light)
C=3x10^8 m/sec
What is electrical energy
•electricity
Results from movement of electrons in conductor
What is electromagnetic energy (EM)
Combination of electric and magnetic fields traveling through space
(Wavelike energy disturbance)
What are horizontal periods on the periodic table?
Elements that have the same number of electron shells
What is electron binding energy? (Eb)
The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from the shell
(Unit of measure= eV electron volt)
What are vertical groups on the periodic table?
The same number of valence electrons
What is the atomic mass unit (AMU)
The mass of particles in the atom
What is electromagnetic radiation
The natural part of the environment in which we live
What is the atomic mass number
It is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What are shells
Energy level shells determined by the distance from the nucleus
What is ionization
The process of adding or removing an electron
What is energy(J)
Force used to do work
• Unit of energy joule (J)
What is a wave
Electromagnetic energy that travels through space
What are three x-ray properties
Electrically neutral, can ionize matter, Can travel at the speed of light
What is the relationship between matter and energy
E=mc^2
Cannot be created or destroyed
What is an ion
An atom that has gained or lost an electron
What is the electromagnetic spectrum
Details of all various forms of electromagnetic radiation
What is nuclear energy
Is obtained by breaking bonds between particles within the nucleus
What is heat energy
Results from movement of molecules
What is chemical energy
It is energy released from a chemical reaction
What are two types of mechanical energy
Potential, kinetic
What is the formula for work
Work =equals forcexdistance
What is the formula for figuring out how many electrons are in each shell
2n^2
What is an isotope
It is atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Where are electrons
They surround the nucleus and cannot be divided into smaller particles
What is the nucleus
The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
What are the two types of substances
- simple (element)- cannot be broken down/periodic table
* complex(compound)- Two or more elements chemically united in definite proportions
What is a mixture
Two or more substances combined
What is weight
The force an object exerts under gravity
What is mass
The quantity of matter contained in the object

What are the two branches of natural science
Physical and biological
What is valence
The Chemical combining characteristic of an element determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell
What items can be divided into what three particles
Neutrons protons and electrons
Where is the atomic weight and atomic number found on the elements on the periodic table
Atomic weight is found at the bottom of the element in the atomic number is found on the top or upper right hand corner of the element
How are the elements listed on the periodic table
In ascending order based on their an atomic weight
How many elements are on the periodic table
92 naturally occuring
11 lab created
What is the octet rule
An atom can never have more than eight electrons in the outer shell noble gases
How do you find the number of protons in the nucleus
By looking at the atomic number at the top of the given element
How do you figure the number of neutrons in the nucleus
By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass
When you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass what will it tell you
How many neutrons are in the nucleus
What is the atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the symbol for atomic number
Z
What charges do protons electrons and neutrons have
Neutrons neutral, protons positive, electrons negative
Who discovered x-rays
Wilhelm Conrad
What is a molecule
Two or more atoms that are chemically united
What is the equation for velocity
Velocity=frequency x wavelength
V=v x A
