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AICE IT 9626 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is hardware

A
  • physical component that forms part of a computer system

- internal/ external

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2
Q

role of cpu

A
  • storage/ input device -> input data -> processed by CPU -> stored or sent -> output device
  • fetches instruction from memory and executes them
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3
Q

motherboard

A
  • hardware components (RAM, CPU) can be connected directly to the motherboard
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4
Q

RAM

A
  • volatile (content of memory is lost if no power to the RAM)
  • when full, inactive data removed
  • when no more to remove, HDD SSD expand memory
  • virtual memory slow (access times)
  • when several programs open
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5
Q

ROM

A
  • nOn volatile (permanent)
  • small long life battery
  • one program (e.g instruction to boost comp)
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6
Q

external hard drive

A
  • common form of secondary storage
  • cheap
  • non volatile
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7
Q

external hard drives

A
  • USB port
  • back up
  • expensive
  • transfer data
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8
Q

SSD

A
  • non volatile
  • flash memory
  • fast
  • expensive
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9
Q

reasons why a user may want to save data to secondary storage

A
  • make changes to a doc
  • keep files for archive for future
  • back up
  • in a database, each new record saved
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10
Q

what is software

A
  • programs that give instructions to the computer
  • program consist of programming code that give instructions ,, cary out task
  • e.g. word processing
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11
Q

what does an operating system do

A

manages hardware

manages communication between hardware and software

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12
Q

how does an OS manage hardware

A
  • allocating memory to software
  • sending data and instructions to output devices
  • giving each running task a fair share of processor time
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13
Q

device driver

A
  • software in external hardware
  • sends customized instructions to that specific component
  • e.g ‘print’
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14
Q

What is application software ?

A

Application software enables the computer to do a particular task, such as word processing

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15
Q

What is system software ?

A

It is the interface between computer hardware and user application programs

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16
Q

What are the three functions of system software ?

A
  • Allocating memory
  • Storage
  • Processing time
17
Q

Describe how the system software deals with processing time ?

A

Divides processing time into time slices depend on the priority each task is allocated a number of these time slices

18
Q

What is real time processing and what are some applications ?

A
  • processing of data occurs immediately after it is input and updating occurs before next input occurs
  • airline or concert booking systems
19
Q

What is batch processing and what are some applications ?

A
  • data is collected over a period of time and processed together at a later time
  • billing systems, banking systems
20
Q

What is multi-user system processing and what are some applications ?

A
  • The operating system switches between computers giving each one a ‘time slice’
  • database management systems
21
Q

What is a utility application ?

A

It is a program that carries out a specific task to assist the operating system

22
Q

Name three utility applications

A
  • Disc defragmentation
  • task scheduling
  • data backup and restore
23
Q

Describe disc defragmentation

A

rearranges the data on a hard disk so that all the data is stored together and can be quicker to access

24
Q

Describe a backup

A

A second copy of a file made and stored on a different storage device

25
Q

What is an anti virus software ?

A

Scans files stored on a computer system, looking for viruses

26
Q

What is the anti-virus software main purpose

A

detect, locate and remove a virus

27
Q

What is the main role of the CPU ?

A

To process programs and data

28
Q

What does the CU do ?

A
  • decides which instruction to carry out next
  • fetches it from memory
  • repeats the fetch-execute cycle
29
Q

What does the ALU do ? (arithmetic logic unit)

A
  • carries out maths equations
30
Q

What are the 5 registers of the CPU ?

A
  • program counter
  • memory address register
  • memory data register
  • instruction register
  • accumulator
31
Q

What does clock speed mean ?

A

The number of instructions the CPU can deal with per second

32
Q

What does the cache do ?

A

temporarily stores frequently used instructions and data

33
Q

What is a processor core ?

A

A core is a single processor

34
Q

Name 5 computer hardware devices :

A
  • graphics digitizer
  • speaker
  • mouse
  • 3D printer
  • Hard disk drive
35
Q

What is the purpose of a graphics digitizer ?

A

allows a user to hand draw images. Consists of a flat pad and a stylus

36
Q

Describe how HD storage media works

A

uses laser technology to store and retrieve data at high data transfer speed to and from optical disks.

37
Q

Describe the features of SSD storage:

A
  • It’s flash memory
  • usb memory sticks are a type of SSD
  • plug and play devices

AICE IT 9626 (8 decks)

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