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KS3 Science Book 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How does carbohydrates help the body?

A

They provide energy.

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2
Q

How does protein help the body

A

It is important for growth and repair

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3
Q

How does fats and oils help the body

A

It is stored as a reserve store of energy

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4
Q

How does minerals help the body

A

They help certain parts of the body such as iron for red blood cells and calcium for bones

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5
Q

How do vitamins help the body

A

They help certain parts of the body such as vitamin C for repair of the skin and vitamin D for taking up calcium.

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6
Q

How does fibre help the body

A

Fibre helps keep the large intestine working well

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7
Q

How does water help the body

A

It stops the body from getting dehydrated

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8
Q

What does the western diet consist of

A

There is often too much sugar and fat and not enough fibre.

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9
Q

What does a Mediterranean diet consist of

A

A lot of fruit, vegetables and grains, and fats from healthy sources, such as olive oil.

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10
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for starch

A

Iodine solution from orange to blue/black.

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11
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for sugar

A

Benedict’s solution from blue to orange.

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12
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for protein

A

Biuret solution from blue to mauve

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13
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for fat

A

A white milk-like solution when ethanol is added.

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14
Q

What does risk mean

A

The likelihood of a hazard causing harm

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15
Q

What do you need energy for

A

Growth & Repair & Move & Keep warm

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16
Q

Which unit of measure is energy measured in foods

A

Kilojoules

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17
Q

What is obesity

A

Medical condition in which the amount of body fat is so high that it harms health

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18
Q

What is starvation

A

Severe long-term shortage of energy from foods

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19
Q

List three problems that obesity can cause

A

Heart disease, breathing difficulties, stroke, high blood pressure, kidney failure and joint pains

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20
Q

What causes scurvy

A

Lack of vitamin C

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21
Q

What causes rickets

A

Lack of vitamin D

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22
Q

What causes anaemia

A

Lack of iron

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23
Q

What are symptoms for scurvy

A

Tooth loss and bleeding gums

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of rickets

A

Soft bones

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25
Food group
Type of food, such as protein, needed for certain body processes
26
Nutrient
Substance in food that we need to eat to stay healthy - such as protein
27
Balanced diet
Intake of foods that provide the correct nutrients in the correct proportions
28
Starch
Large molecule made by plants as a form of food storage
29
Sugar
Sweet tasting compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - such as glucose and sucrose
30
Protein
Food group important for growth and tissue repair
31
Fat
Body tissue that acts as an energy store; a food group
32
Energy
Something that has energy if it has the ability to make something happen when that energy is transferred
33
Respiration
Process in living things in which oxygen is used to release the energy from food
34
Malnutrition
Health condition caused by insufficient intake of nutrients
35
Deficiency disease
Illness caused by lack of a certain nutrient
36
Vitamin
Important nutrient needed in very small quantities
37
Scurvy
Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C
38
Rickets
Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin D
39
Anaemia
Deficiency disease caused by lack of iron in the diet
40
What is the energy from food called
Chemical energy
41
How do you make use of this energy
You digest it
42
Where does digestion first start
In the mouth
43
Where does the digestive system finish
At the anus
44
What type of digestion happens in the mouth
Chemical and physical digestion
45
What is another word for the oesophagus
The gullet
46
What type of digestion happens in the stomach
Physical and chemical digestion
47
What type of digestion happens in the small intestine
Chemical digestion
48
Describe the process of digestion
Digestion is the process of breaking down the large molecules in the food you eat into smaller molecules so that you can use the energy in your body
49
What happens after the food has become small molecules
It is then absorbed and used in the body
50
How long does it take for food to pass through a healthy digestive system
1 day
51
What happens to food that isn’t digested
It passes out of your body
52
What is the scientific word for waste
Faeces
53
Can the length of the time taken for food to pass through the digestive system vary? If so why
The length of time taken for food to pass through the digestive system can vary depending on the type of food
54
What happens after food is broken down into smaller molecules
It is absorbed into the bloodstream
55
Where does the absorption take place
The absorption takes place at the walls of the small intestine
56
Where does the blood carry the food to
To all of the cells in the body
57
Describe the process of respiration
Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food molecules and oxygen.
58
What happens as soon as the food enters your mouth
Your teeth start to crush it up
59
What is another phrase for mechanical breakdown
Physical digestion
60
Why is physical digestion important
It makes food easier to swallow and it makes it easier for chemicals to digest the food if it is already in smaller pieces
61
What are incisors used for
Biting and cutting
62
What are canines used for
Ripping and tearing
63
What are pre molars and molars used for
Crushing and grinding
64
Why is saliva important
It softens the food and it contains special chemicals that start to digest food
65
What is the chemical that breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules called
Enzymes
66
What is a bolus
What is produced when the teeth and saliva work together to break down the food
67
Where does digestion for starch take place
In the mouth
68
Where is waste held before it gets ejected out
In the rectum
69
Which food can’t we digest
Corn
70
How is the oesophagus adapted to its function
Contains rings of muscle that contract behind the bolus to move the food along
71
How is the stomach adapted to its function
Contains muscles to squeeze the food. Secretes acid to kill bacteria. Contains an enzyme to digest protein
72
How is the pancreas adapted to its function
Releases enzymes that digest carbohydrates, protein and fats
73
How is the small intestine adapted to its function
Contains muscles to move the food along the tube and enzymes to complete digestion. Has thin walls and a good blood supply to help absorption of nutrients into blood.
74
Which enzyme breaks down starch
Amylase
75
Which enzyme breaks down protein
Protease
76
Which enzyme breaks down fat
Lipase
77
Where is amylase found
In the mouth and small intestine
78
Where is protease found
In the stomach and small intestine
79
Where is lipase found
In the small intestine
80
What are enzymes known as
Biological catalysts
81
How many different types of molecules can enzymes break down
Only one type of molecule. They are specific
82
Digestion
Breakdown of food in order to obtain energy
83
Digestive system
Group of organs that together enable digestion of food
84
Chemical energy
Energy from foods
85
Respiration
Process in living things in which oxygen is used to release the energy from food
86
Circulatory system
The heart and blood vessels that transport essential substances around the body in blood
87
Physical digestion
Mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth
88
Saliva
Liquid produced in the mouth that helps swallowing and digestion
89
Enzyme
Substance that enables a chemical process in the body
90
Chemical digestion
Breakdown of food by enzymes in the digestive system
91
Faeces
Solid body waste released through the anus
92
Adaptation
Gradual development that helps survival
93
Oesophagus
The part of the alimentary canal which connects the throat to the stomach.
94
Stomach
Part of the digestive system where most food breakdown occurs
95
Pancreas
Organ of the digestive system that produces enzymes
96
Gut
Digestive system
97
Amylase
Enzyme that digests starch
98
Starch
Large molecule made by plants as a form of food storage
99
Sugar
Sweet tasting compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - such as glucose and sucrose
100
Catalyst
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

KS3 Science Book 1 (2 decks)

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