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KS3 Science Book 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How does carbohydrates help the body?

A

They provide energy.

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2
Q

How does protein help the body

A

It is important for growth and repair

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3
Q

How does fats and oils help the body

A

It is stored as a reserve store of energy

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4
Q

How does minerals help the body

A

They help certain parts of the body such as iron for red blood cells and calcium for bones

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5
Q

How do vitamins help the body

A

They help certain parts of the body such as vitamin C for repair of the skin and vitamin D for taking up calcium.

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6
Q

How does fibre help the body

A

Fibre helps keep the large intestine working well

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7
Q

How does water help the body

A

It stops the body from getting dehydrated

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8
Q

What does the western diet consist of

A

There is often too much sugar and fat and not enough fibre.

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9
Q

What does a Mediterranean diet consist of

A

A lot of fruit, vegetables and grains, and fats from healthy sources, such as olive oil.

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10
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for starch

A

Iodine solution from orange to blue/black.

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11
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for sugar

A

Benedict’s solution from blue to orange.

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12
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for protein

A

Biuret solution from blue to mauve

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13
Q

What is the colour change when a substance is tested positive for fat

A

A white milk-like solution when ethanol is added.

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14
Q

What does risk mean

A

The likelihood of a hazard causing harm

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15
Q

What do you need energy for

A

Growth & Repair & Move & Keep warm

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16
Q

Which unit of measure is energy measured in foods

A

Kilojoules

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17
Q

What is obesity

A

Medical condition in which the amount of body fat is so high that it harms health

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18
Q

What is starvation

A

Severe long-term shortage of energy from foods

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19
Q

List three problems that obesity can cause

A

Heart disease, breathing difficulties, stroke, high blood pressure, kidney failure and joint pains

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20
Q

What causes scurvy

A

Lack of vitamin C

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21
Q

What causes rickets

A

Lack of vitamin D

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22
Q

What causes anaemia

A

Lack of iron

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23
Q

What are symptoms for scurvy

A

Tooth loss and bleeding gums

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of rickets

A

Soft bones

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25
Q

Food group

A

Type of food, such as protein, needed for certain body processes

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26
Q

Nutrient

A

Substance in food that we need to eat to stay healthy - such as protein

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27
Q

Balanced diet

A

Intake of foods that provide the correct nutrients in the correct proportions

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28
Q

Starch

A

Large molecule made by plants as a form of food storage

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29
Q

Sugar

A

Sweet tasting compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - such as glucose and sucrose

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30
Q

Protein

A

Food group important for growth and tissue repair

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31
Q

Fat

A

Body tissue that acts as an energy store; a food group

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32
Q

Energy

A

Something that has energy if it has the ability to make something happen when that energy is transferred

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33
Q

Respiration

A

Process in living things in which oxygen is used to release the energy from food

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34
Q

Malnutrition

A

Health condition caused by insufficient intake of nutrients

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35
Q

Deficiency disease

A

Illness caused by lack of a certain nutrient

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36
Q

Vitamin

A

Important nutrient needed in very small quantities

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37
Q

Scurvy

A

Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C

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38
Q

Rickets

A

Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin D

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39
Q

Anaemia

A

Deficiency disease caused by lack of iron in the diet

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40
Q

What is the energy from food called

A

Chemical energy

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41
Q

How do you make use of this energy

A

You digest it

42
Q

Where does digestion first start

A

In the mouth

43
Q

Where does the digestive system finish

A

At the anus

44
Q

What type of digestion happens in the mouth

A

Chemical and physical digestion

45
Q

What is another word for the oesophagus

A

The gullet

46
Q

What type of digestion happens in the stomach

A

Physical and chemical digestion

47
Q

What type of digestion happens in the small intestine

A

Chemical digestion

48
Q

Describe the process of digestion

A

Digestion is the process of breaking down the large molecules in the food you eat into smaller molecules so that you can use the energy in your body

49
Q

What happens after the food has become small molecules

A

It is then absorbed and used in the body

50
Q

How long does it take for food to pass through a healthy digestive system

A

1 day

51
Q

What happens to food that isn’t digested

A

It passes out of your body

52
Q

What is the scientific word for waste

A

Faeces

53
Q

Can the length of the time taken for food to pass through the digestive system vary? If so why

A

The length of time taken for food to pass through the digestive system can vary depending on the type of food

54
Q

What happens after food is broken down into smaller molecules

A

It is absorbed into the bloodstream

55
Q

Where does the absorption take place

A

The absorption takes place at the walls of the small intestine

56
Q

Where does the blood carry the food to

A

To all of the cells in the body

57
Q

Describe the process of respiration

A

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food molecules and oxygen.

58
Q

What happens as soon as the food enters your mouth

A

Your teeth start to crush it up

59
Q

What is another phrase for mechanical breakdown

A

Physical digestion

60
Q

Why is physical digestion important

A

It makes food easier to swallow and it makes it easier for chemicals to digest the food if it is already in smaller pieces

61
Q

What are incisors used for

A

Biting and cutting

62
Q

What are canines used for

A

Ripping and tearing

63
Q

What are pre molars and molars used for

A

Crushing and grinding

64
Q

Why is saliva important

A

It softens the food and it contains special chemicals that start to digest food

65
Q

What is the chemical that breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules called

A

Enzymes

66
Q

What is a bolus

A

What is produced when the teeth and saliva work together to break down the food

67
Q

Where does digestion for starch take place

A

In the mouth

68
Q

Where is waste held before it gets ejected out

A

In the rectum

69
Q

Which food can’t we digest

A

Corn

70
Q

How is the oesophagus adapted to its function

A

Contains rings of muscle that contract behind the bolus to move the food along

71
Q

How is the stomach adapted to its function

A

Contains muscles to squeeze the food. Secretes acid to kill bacteria. Contains an enzyme to digest protein

72
Q

How is the pancreas adapted to its function

A

Releases enzymes that digest carbohydrates, protein and fats

73
Q

How is the small intestine adapted to its function

A

Contains muscles to move the food along the tube and enzymes to complete digestion. Has thin walls and a good blood supply to help absorption of nutrients into blood.

74
Q

Which enzyme breaks down starch

A

Amylase

75
Q

Which enzyme breaks down protein

A

Protease

76
Q

Which enzyme breaks down fat

A

Lipase

77
Q

Where is amylase found

A

In the mouth and small intestine

78
Q

Where is protease found

A

In the stomach and small intestine

79
Q

Where is lipase found

A

In the small intestine

80
Q

What are enzymes known as

A

Biological catalysts

81
Q

How many different types of molecules can enzymes break down

A

Only one type of molecule. They are specific

82
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of food in order to obtain energy

83
Q

Digestive system

A

Group of organs that together enable digestion of food

84
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy from foods

85
Q

Respiration

A

Process in living things in which oxygen is used to release the energy from food

86
Q

Circulatory system

A

The heart and blood vessels that transport essential substances around the body in blood

87
Q

Physical digestion

A

Mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth

88
Q

Saliva

A

Liquid produced in the mouth that helps swallowing and digestion

89
Q

Enzyme

A

Substance that enables a chemical process in the body

90
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breakdown of food by enzymes in the digestive system

91
Q

Faeces

A

Solid body waste released through the anus

92
Q

Adaptation

A

Gradual development that helps survival

93
Q

Oesophagus

A

The part of the alimentary canal which connects the throat to the stomach.

94
Q

Stomach

A

Part of the digestive system where most food breakdown occurs

95
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ of the digestive system that produces enzymes

96
Q

Gut

A

Digestive system

97
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme that digests starch

98
Q

Starch

A

Large molecule made by plants as a form of food storage

99
Q

Sugar

A

Sweet tasting compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - such as glucose and sucrose

100
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

KS3 Science Book 1 (2 decks)

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