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CHM 261 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of source of radiation

A
  1. Generate stable beam of radiation.

2. Has sufficient power.

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2
Q

Function of spectrometer

A

Provides information about the intensity of radiation in wavelength

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3
Q

5 basic optical intstrument components

A
  1. Source
  2. Sample Container
  3. Wavelength Selector
  4. Detector
  5. Signal Processor & Readout
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4
Q

The correct order of Absorption Optical Instruments design

A

Source -> Wavelength selector -> Sample -> Detector -> Signal processor & readout

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5
Q

The correct order of Emission Optical Instruments design

A

Source -> Wavelength selector -> Detector -> Signal processor & readout

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6
Q

Characteristics of Continuum Sources

A
  1. Emit radiation over a broad wavelength range
  2. The intensity of radiation changes slowly in wavelength
  3. Commonly used in UV, Visible and IR instruments
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7
Q

Examples of Continuum Sources

A
  1. Deuterium lamp (UV)
  2. Tungsten filament lamp (visible)
  3. Glowing inert solids (IR)
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8
Q

Characteristics of Line Sources

A
  1. Emit a limited number lines of radiation at specific wavelengths
  2. Used in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy & Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy
  3. Provide UV & Visible radiation in EM spectrum region
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9
Q

Examples of Line sources

A
  1. Mercury vapor lamp (UV)
  2. Sodium vapor lamp (Visible)
  3. Hollow Cathode lamp (Atomic Absorption)
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10
Q

Characteristics of Laser Sources

A
  1. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
  2. Used in Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy & Raman Spectroscopy
  3. Provide high intensity of radiation & monochromatic beam
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11
Q

Characteristics of Sample Containers

A
  1. Used in all spectroscopic studies except emission spectroscopy
  2. Called as cuvettes
  3. Must have transparents windows in the spectral region
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12
Q

Types of sample containers (cuvettes)

A
  1. Quartz (UV, below 350 nm)
  2. Silicate glass (UV, 350-2000 nm)
  3. Plastic (Visible region)
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13
Q

Function of Wavelength selectors

A

To isolate the desired wavelength from the band of interest

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14
Q

Two types of wavelength selectors

A
  1. Filters

2. Monochromators

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15
Q

Two types of UV

A
  1. Single beam

2. Double beam

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16
Q

The cause of electronic transition

A

Interaction between ultraviolet and visible radiation with matter

17
Q

3 types of electronic transitions

A
  1. organic compounds (sigma, pi, n)
  2. inorganic compounds (d, f electrons)
    3 charge transfer electrons
18
Q

Characteristics of Sigma electron

A
  1. single bond (saturated hydrocarbons)
  2. doesnt absorb UV radiation
    - bc it requires high energy to excite sigma electrons
  3. mostly used as transparent solvents
19
Q

Characteristics of Pi electron

A
  1. double & triple bonds (unsaturated hydrocarbons)
  2. alkenes, alkynes, conjugated olefins
  3. absorb UV or Visible radiation
    - the electrons are excited easily
20
Q

Characteristics of n electrons

A
  1. lone pair
    - not involved in formation bonds
  2. organic compounds containing oxygen, halogen, sulfur
  3. Absorb UV or Visible radiation
21
Q

definition of chromophores

A

Unsaturated functional groups that absorb in UV or Visible region

22
Q

Molecular orbital theories

A
  1. formed when bonding (sigma & pi) and antibonding (sigma* & pi*) interact
  2. stable bonding molecular orbital = lower energy
  3. less stable antibonding molecular orbital = higher energy

CHM 261 (2 decks)

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