Chapter 2

Question 0

Sex cells

Answer 0

Ovaries and sperm

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

Cells are the building blocks of all living things, produced by the division of existing cells, smallest structural unit that perform all vital functions.

Question 2

Somatic cells

Answer 2

All cells in the body except for sex cells

Question 3

Plasmalemma

Answer 3

Isolate, protect, support, control of entrance and exit of materials

Question 4

Cytosol

Answer 4

Distributes materials by diffusion, stores glycogen,

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

Strength/support, mvm’t of cellular structures and material

Question 6

Microvilli

Answer 6

Increases surface area to increase amount of nutrients taken in

Question 7

Centrosome

Answer 7

Essential for mvm’t of chromosomes during cell division

Question 8

Cilia

Answer 8

Mvm’t of materials over cell surface

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Produce 95% of ATP required by the cell

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Control of metabolism, storing and process of genetic information, control of protein synthesis

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

Site of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 13

Synthesis of secretory products, intracellular storage and transport

Question 14

Rough ER

Answer 14

Modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins

Question 15

Smooth ER

Answer 15

Lipid, steroid, and, carbohydrate synthesis; calcium ion storage

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Bubble wrap storage of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

Question 17

Lysosome

Answer 17

Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens

Question 18

Peroxisome

Answer 18

Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds generated in the process

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

(Passive) Molecular mvm’t of solutes, direction determined by relative concentrations

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

(Passive) Mvm’t of water molecules toward high solute concentrations, requires membrane

Question 21

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

(Passive) carrier molecules transport materials down a concentration gradient, requires membrane

Question 22

Active transport

Answer 22

(Active) Carrier molecules work despite opposing concentration gradients

Question 23

Endocytosis

Answer 23

(Active) formation of membranous vesicles containing fluid or solid material at the plasmalemma

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

Fusion of vesicles containing fluids/or solids with the plasmalemma