Chapter 2

Question 1

What are forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, movement, etc.

Answer 1

Loads

Question 2

What are considered ‘permanent loads’?

Answer 2

Dead Loads, Soil, & Hydrostatic

Question 3

What are ‘variable loads’?

Answer 3

Live Loads & Environmental Loads (wind, snow, rain, earthquake)

Question 4

_____ loads consist of the weight of materials of construction such as walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes etc.

Answer 4

Dead

Question 5

_____ loads produced by use and occupancy of a building.

Answer 5

Live

Question 6

When can you NOT use a Live Load Reduction?

Answer 6

Group A Occupancies (assembly)

If live loads exceed 100 psf (except that the design live load for columns may be reduced by 20%)

Question 7

Basement, foundation, and retaining walls shall be designed to resist ______

Answer 7

Lateral Soil Loads

Question 8

Factor of Safety

Answer 8

ratio of the ultimate strength of material to its working stress

Question 9

Breakaway wall

Answer 9

a wall not required to provide structural support that can collapse to allow floodwaters to pass without damage to the structure.

Question 10

Hydrostatic Loads

Answer 10

Loads caused by water either above or below the ground surface.

Question 11

Pf

Answer 11

Snow loads on flat roofs

Question 12

Ce

Answer 12

Exposure Factor

Question 13

Ct

Answer 13

Thermal Factor

Question 14

Pg

Answer 14

Ground Snow Load

Question 15

I

Answer 15

Importance Factor

Question 16

Basic Wind Speed

Answer 16

3 second gust at 33 ft above the ground in Exposure C

Question 17

MWFRS

Answer 17

Main Wind Force Resisting System

Question 18

What elements of the building envelope do not qualify at part of the MWFRS?

Answer 18

Components and Cladding

Question 19

What is Exposure (in relation to wind) based on?

Answer 19

Ground surface roughness determined by topography, vegetation, and structures.

Question 20

Surface Roughness B

Answer 20

Urban and Suburban Areas, Wooded Areas, etc.

Question 21

Surface Roughness C

Answer 21

Open terrain with scattered obstructions (heights less than 30 ft)

Question 22

Surface Roughness D

Answer 22

Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces

Question 23

A building is considered flexible if the natural frequency is _______

Answer 23

Less than 1 Hz

Question 24

A building is considered Rigid if the natural frequency is _______

Answer 24

Greater than 1 Hz

Question 25

What are the three options for evaluating wind loads?

Answer 25

Simplified Procedure, Analytical Procedure, and Wind Tunnel Procedure

Question 26

What is the internal pressure of an enclosed building?

Answer 26

+/- .18

Question 27

What is the first type of seismic wave to arrive in the event of an earthquake?

Answer 27

A compression wave

Question 28

What is the most concerning type of seismic wave?

Answer 28

A Shear wave

Question 29

The intensity of any earthquake is based on what?

Answer 29

Damage and other observed effects on people, buildings, and other features. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (12 levels of intensities)

Question 30

The measure of an earthquake strength is ______.

Answer 30

Magnitude Measure by Richter Magnitude Scale

Question 31

Minor Earthquakes are categorized by what numbers on the modified mercalli scale?

Answer 31

I - VI Not felt through slight damage.

Question 32

Moderate Earthquakes are categorized by what numbers on the modified mercalli scale?

Answer 32

VII & VIII Damage in some buildings through Considerable Damage in most

Question 33

Major Earthquakes are categorized by what numbers on the modified mercalli scale?

Answer 33

IX - XII Damage in majority of buildings through total damage

Question 34

What is another term for Displacement?

Answer 34

Distance

Question 35

What is Velocity?

Answer 35

Rate of Change in Distance

Question 36

What is Acceleration?

Answer 36

Rate of Change in Distance of a period of time

Question 37

What is Damping?

Answer 37

Process by which vibration diminishes in amplitude

Question 38

Which is better... 1 story building on rock or 20 story building on rock

Answer 38

20 story building on rock- There has to be movement somewhere, the building or the soil. A 20 story building will move more than a 1 story building so it can be on rock.

Question 39

Which is better... 1 story building on deep soil or 20 story building on deep soil

Answer 39

1 story building on deep soil- There has to be movement somewhere, the building or the soil. A 1 story building won't move much so the soil needs to be flexible.

Question 40

A live load reduction can be taken on structural elements only if they support a tributary area of _____ square feet or more.

Answer 40

150

Question 41

Which of the following are considered impact loads? 1. Elevators and Elevator machinery 2. Vehicles on garage floors 3. Stadium and arena bleacher loading 4. Floor hangers supporting machinery

Answer 41

Elevators and Elevator Machinery, and Floor Hangers supporting machinery

Question 42

T/F Horizontal shear stress is always equal to vertical shear stress

Answer 42

True

Question 43

A framing system in which the joints are moment connections and allow for unimpeded movement throughout the bays is called a?

Answer 43

Vierendeel Frame

Question 44

The ability of an element or system to resist gross deformation is known as?

Answer 44

Stability

Question 45

Name the first four soil site classes (A-D)

Answer 45

A- Hard Rock B- Rock C- Very dense soil or soft rock D- Stiff Soil

Question 46

What is the best soil class that can be assumed without a geotechnical engineering report?

Answer 46

Site Class D- Stiff Soil

Question 47

The ability of a system or element to dissipate energy beyond the elastic limit is ____

Answer 47

Ductility

Question 48

A measure of a systems ductility over strength is called _______

Answer 48

Response modification factor

Question 49

What are the two design methods for loads that do NOT factor loads?

Answer 49

Allowable Stress Design and Allowable Strength Design

Question 50

What are the two design methods that factor loads?

Answer 50

Strength Design Method and Load and Resistance Factor Design.