Chapter 2 Flashcards
attraction like molecules
cohesion
attraction of unlike molecules
adhesion
reaction between two molecules that forces them apart.
repulsion
direction of decrease in attraction
moving away from one another
direction of increase in attraction
moving toward one another
to cohere
attractive forces
to prevent from interpenetrating and annihilating each other
repulsive forces
is due to the interpenetration of the electronic clouds of molecules and increases exponentially with a decrease in distance between molecules
repulsion
Measure of the strength of the bonds
bond energies
Hydrogen bonds
2-8kcal/mole
Covalent
50-100 kcal/mole
Ionic
over 100 kcal/mole
solid to liquid
melting
solid to gas
sublimation
reverse of sublimation; condensation into the solid state
deposition
4th phase; in between crystalline and liquid states; “liquid crystalline state”
mesophase
exists under high pressure and temperature and has properties intermediate between those of liquids and gases.
supercritical fluid
the pressure, temperature, and volume of gas are related to each other
Ideal Gas Law
The volume and pressure of a given mass of gas at constant temperature
Boyle’s law
the volume and absolute temperature of a given mass of gas at constants pressure are directly proportional
Gay-Lussac’s- Charles
The approximate molecular weight of a gas can be determined by use of what law
ideal gas law
most common way to determine the molecular weight of easily vaporized liquids such as alcohol and chloroform.
Regnault and Victor Meyer Methods
The theory that was developed to explain the behavior of gases and to lend additional support to the validity of the gas laws
Kinetic molecular theory
composed of molecules of a finite volume that tend to attract one another.
real gases