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Psychology 275 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ataxia?

A

failure of muscular coordination and balance due to damage to the cerebellum

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2
Q

How does brain plasticity compensate for the underdeveloped cerebellum

A

through the cerebral cortex functioning more efficiently

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3
Q

what happen if there is no stimuli to the brain

A

brain cannot orient the body and direct it to produce appropriate behavior

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4
Q

which part of the brain contains the most neuron

A

cerebellum

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5
Q

why is it that dog are able to perceive higher sound pitch than humans?

A

perceptual world construct by the dog brain differs from humans

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6
Q

why is there subjective difference in brain of different animals

A

allowing different animals to exploit different features in their environments

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7
Q

what did evolution create to equip a species with a view of the world that helped it survive?

A

adaptations

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8
Q

what does it meant by the brain being plastic?

A

connections among neurons in a given functional system are can change in response to experiance

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9
Q

what happen to the cortical region that takes part when we acquire new skills?

A

the cortical region taking part can increase in size to accommodate for the new skills

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10
Q

what does it mean by neuroplasticity

A

NS fundamental potential to physically or chemically modify itself in response to changing environment and compensates for age related changes and injury

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11
Q

neuroplasticity is part of a larger biological capacity called?

A

phenotypic plasticity - individual capacity to develop a range of phenotype

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12
Q

what does epigenetic factors do?

A

they influence how genes are inherited from parents express specific traits

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13
Q

what compromise of CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

what compromise of somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

spinal and cranial nerve which carry info TO the CNS from sensory receptors

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15
Q

what compromise of autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

rest and digest; fight or flight

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16
Q

what compromise of enteric nervous system (ENS)

A

neurons embedded in lining of gut which controls the gut. Can communicate with CNS via ANS but mostly operates autonomously

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17
Q

describe afferent and efferent

A

afferent is info coming into CNS while efferent is info leaving the CNS

18
Q

brain body orientation. Describe, dorsal, ventral, medial, lateral, anterior, posterior

A

dorsal - structure atop or within brain
ventral, structures towards the bottom of the brain of parts of the brain
medial- structure towards the brain midline
lateral - structure located towards the side
anterior - front
posterior - back

19
Q

what is meninges

A

triple layer protective covering of fibrous tissue that is attached to the skull

20
Q

name the 3 layers of meninges

A

outer - dura mater
middle - arachnoid membrane
inner - pia mater

21
Q

where does the cerebrospinal fluid reside and what is it for?

A

in the meninges b/w arachnoid membrane and pia mater. Acts as a shock absorber. Also makes the brain buoyant so that it is 1/30 of its actual mass

22
Q

what is meningitis

A

infection in the meninges and CSF

23
Q

what is encephalitis

A

infection to the brain

24
Q

what is hemispherectomy?

A

surgical removal of infected brain hemisphere

25
Q

what is cerebral cortex, gyri and suki

A

cc - outer layer of brain

gyri - is bumps and suki is cracks of the brain

26
Q

describe function of the 4 main parts of the brain

A

frontal lobe - executive functions such as decision making and voluntary movement
parietal lobe - directing movement
occipital lobe - visual
temporal lobe - hearing, facial recognition and emotional processing

27
Q

what does the brainstem do?

A

responsible for critical function of life including heart rate, breathing, sleeping and eating

28
Q

what are the 3 major arteries that sends blood to the brain

A

anterior, middle and posterior

29
Q

what is stroke?

A

blockage or break in cerebral artery resulting severely reduced blood flow

30
Q

what are the 2 type of stroke?

A

ischemic stroke - blood vessels is blocked and results in failure to deliver oxygen

hemorrhagic stroke is burst vessel bleeding into brain
- similar to the other but it also exposed neurons directly to toxic effect of hemoglobin (high level of iron)

31
Q

how do you treat ischemic stroke?

A

medication of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) which helps prevent clotting

32
Q

what are the difference b/w gray and white matter of the brain

A

grey - forms connection among cells

white - collects and process information

33
Q

the brains 4 ventricles are filled with CSF made by a network of blood vessels called?

A

choroid plexus

34
Q

what happen if there is a chemical change to CSF

A

dizziness and fainitng

35
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

it connects the 2 midbrain and allow them to communicate

36
Q

below the corpus collosum resides various subcortical regions, what do this do?

A

makes intimate reciprocal connections with cortical areas that process sensory, perceptual, cognitive and motor functions

37
Q

which hemisphere is responsible for understanding speech and which is for analyzing music

A

left is for speech and right for music

38
Q

brain cells compromise of 2 things. describe their function

A

neurons which carry brains communicative, and info processing functions and glial cells which aid and modulate neurons activities

39
Q

how does neuron connect to one another

A

fibers known as axons - they form a nerve tract

40
Q

What are 3 regions of the brain and what is its function

A

frontbrain - olfaction, smell
midbrain - vission and hearning
hindbrain - control movements and balance

41
Q

what conclusion was made with the octopus experiment

A

invertebrates display intelligent behavior, such as learning by observation

Psychology 275 (1 decks)

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