Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the three main types of software development?

Answer 1

Sequential development
Iterative development
Incremental development

Question 2

What is sequential development?

Answer 2

This is a linear flow of activities in which one developmental phase comes after another.

Some examples are the Waterfall and the V-model. These take months and years.

Question 3

What is incremental development?

Answer 3

This is the process of establishing requirements, designing, building and testing in pieces so that software’s features grow incrementally.

Question 4

What is iterative development?

Answer 4

This is when groups of features are designed, built and tested together in a series of cycles. Changes may occur in each iteration. Each iteration is a growing subset of features.

Question 5

Name a type of iterative development process in which iterations are long.

Answer 5

Rational Unified Process

Question 6

Name a type of iterative development process in which iterations are short, typically 2 weeks.

Answer 6

Scrum/Agile

Question 7

Name a type of iterative development process in which iterations are not fixed length.

Answer 7

Kanban

Question 8

Name a type of iterative development process in which iterations are experimental and features tend to be reworked or abandoned.

Answer 8

Spiral

Question 9

Describe component testing,

Answer 9

Also called unit or module testing. 
This is focused on separately testable components.
This is often done in isolation of the rest of the system.
May cover functional or non-functional characteristics and structural properties.

Question 10

What are some work products used as a test basis for component testing?

Answer 10

Detailed Design
Code
Component Specifications
Data models

Question 11

Define test objects.

Answer 11

Items that will be tested.

Question 12

Define test basis.

Answer 12

Test basis is defined as the source of information that is needed to write test cases and do test analysis.

Question 13

What are test conditions?

Answer 13

Test conditions are the constraints that you should follow to test an application.

Question 14

What is component integration testing?

Answer 14

This focuses on interactions and interfaces between integrated components.
Usually performed after component testing.
Generally automated
Usually apart of the continuous integration process

Question 15

What is System Integration Testing?

Answer 15

This focuses on the interactions and interfaces between systems, packages and microservices.
This can also cover interactions with external organizations.
This can be done after system testing.

Question 16

What is the test basis for integration testing?

Answer 16

Software and system design
Sequence diagrams
Interface specs
Use cases
Workflows

Question 17

What are some test objects for SIT?

Answer 17

Subsystems
Databases
Interfaces
APIs

Question 18

Component integration testing is the responsibility of what stakeholder?

Answer 18

Developers

Question 19

System integration testing is the responsibility of what stakeholder?

Answer 19

Testers

Question 20

Define system testing.

Answer 20

System testing focuses on the end-to-end behaviour and capabilities of a whole system or product as well as non-functional behaviours.

Question 21

Describe Acceptance testing.

Answer 21

This focuses on the capabilites of a whole system and its readiness for deployment.

Question 22

Define User Acceptance Testing.

Answer 22

This is typically focused on validating the fitness for use of the system by intended users in a real or simulated operational environment.

Question 23

Define Operational Acceptance Testing.

Answer 23

This is Acceptance testing of the system by operations or systems admin staff, performed in a simulated production environment. The main objective of this is to build confidence that operators or system administrators can keep the system working properly for the users in the operational environment, even under exceptional or difficult conditions.

Question 24

What is functional testing?

Answer 24

This type of testing evaluates functions that the system should perform.

Question 25

What is non-functional testing?

Answer 25

This type of testing evaluates system characteristics such as usability, performance, efficiency and security.

Question 26

What is white-box/structural testing?

Answer 26

This is testing that derives tests based on the system’s internal structure or implementation.

Question 27

What is confirmation testing?

Answer 27

This is testing whether the original defect has been successfully fixed.

Question 28

What is regression testing?

Answer 28

This is running tests to detect unintended side effect of code changes.

Question 29

What is the difference between maintenance testing and maintainability testing?

Answer 29

Maintainability testing defines how easy it is to maintain a system. Maintenance testing is testing during the maintenance cycle of testing.

Question 30

What is compliance acceptance testing?

Answer 30

Compliance acceptance testing or regulation acceptance testing is performed against the regulations which must be adhered to, such as governmental, legal or safety regulations.

Question 31

What is contract acceptance testing?

Answer 31

Contract acceptance testing is performed against a contract’s acceptance criteria for producing custom-developed soft-ware.

Question 32

What is alpha testing?

Answer 32

This test takes place at the developer’s site. A cross-section of potential users and members of the developer’s organization are invited to use the system. Developers observe the users and note problems. Alpha testing may also be carried out by an independent test team.

Question 33

What is beta testing?

Answer 33

Beta testing, or field testing, sends the system to a cross-section of users who install it and use it under real-world working conditions. The users send records of incidents with the system to the development organization where the defects are repaired