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Biology 11 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic

A

Prokaryotic

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2
Q

Define methanogen

A

Bacteria that converts hydrogen and methane for energy. Found in swamps

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3
Q

Define thermophile

A

Bacteria that lives under extremely hot conditions

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4
Q

Define psychrophile

A

Bacteria that lives under extremely cold conditons

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5
Q

Define halophile

A

Bacteria that live in salty conditions

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6
Q

Relationships that benefit both organisms

A

Mutualism

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7
Q

Describe the structure of bacteria

A

Organelles are not bound, plasmids (genetic dna) are either one or more.

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8
Q

Define coccus

A

Ball shape

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9
Q

Define bacillus

A

Rod shape

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10
Q

Define spirillum

A

Spiral shape

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11
Q

Define Diplo

A

pairs of cells

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12
Q

Define strepto

A

chains of cells

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13
Q

Define staphylo

A

cluster of cells

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14
Q

What is conjugation

A

sexual reproduction of bacteria by passing a plasmid to another bacteria through a pilus

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15
Q

How do you treat bacterial infections

A

Antibiotics

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16
Q

Describe the shape of a virus

A

Capsid (protein shell), nucleic acid, some have envelope’s (part of a cell)

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17
Q

What is the lytic stage

A

Active stage of virus

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18
Q

What is the lysogenic stage

A

Dormant stage of virus

19
Q

How to treat viruses

A

Use vaccines, weakened form of virus injected to increase immunity to virus. Antibodies are stored for this virus.

20
Q

Describe the lytic cycle

A
  1. Attaches to cell
  2. Virus enters cell, inject RNA/DNA
  3. Formation of new virus parts
  4. Assembly of new virus
  5. Release
21
Q

What is a protist

A

Eukaryotes that not fungi, plants, animals or bacteria

22
Q

Name the three types of protists and a unique quality

A
  1. Plant-like protists contain chlorophyll and are autotrophic
  2. Protozoa can move and are heterotrophic
  3. Fungi-like protists secrete slime and decompose.
23
Q

Name a representative species for each protist

A
  1. Algae
  2. Amoeba
  3. Water mold
24
Q

Define bryophites and major adaptation

A

mosses, contain rhizoids (primitive roots)

25
Q

Define lyctophytes and pterophytes

A

ferns, contain xylem and phloem (for transporting nutrients and water)

26
Q

Define gymnosperms

A

conifers, contain cuticle (hard waxy coating that retains water)

27
Q

Define angiosperms

A

flower growing plants, contain flower with pollen for reproduction

28
Q

What is a stomata

A

regulates gas exchange and retains water

29
Q

What is a frond

A

a fern leaf

30
Q

What are hyphae

A

Treads of roots of fungi

31
Q

What is mycelium

A

Collection of hypae

32
Q

What are cell walls of fungi made of

A

chitin

33
Q

Dikaryoitc cell

A

a cell formed by fusing two hyphae and has two nuclei.

34
Q

What is the reproductive structure

A

the apparent fungus, the rest of body is mycelium and hyphae

35
Q

How do fungi reproduce

A

Asexually by budding and sexually, sexually by forming a dikaryotic cell from spores

36
Q

Characteristics of animals

A

motile, eukaryotic, heterotrophs and has nervous system

37
Q

State types of symmetry

A

radial and bilateral

38
Q

What is cephalization

A

The bundle of nerves that create a head

39
Q

What is coelom

A

The fluid field space reserved for internal organs

40
Q

List all the invertebrate phylums

A
  1. Porifera
  2. Cnidera
  3. Worms
  4. Mollusks
  5. Echinoderms
  6. Arthropoda
41
Q

What is metamorphasis

A

The transformation from one species to another like tadpole to frog

42
Q

What is an amniotic egg

A

eggs that can be laid on dry land.

43
Q

Development of heart

A

Amphibians-Three chambered heart
Reptiles- 3 chambered heart (septated)
Birds- 4 chambered heart
Mammal- 4 chambered heart

44
Q

Development of lungs

A

Amphibians- breath through skin, primitive lungs
Reptile-Internal folding
Birds- lungs with air sacs
Mammal- lungs with air sacs

Biology 11 (3 decks)

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