Chapter 2 Flashcards
Is bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Define methanogen
Bacteria that converts hydrogen and methane for energy. Found in swamps
Define thermophile
Bacteria that lives under extremely hot conditions
Define psychrophile
Bacteria that lives under extremely cold conditons
Define halophile
Bacteria that live in salty conditions
Relationships that benefit both organisms
Mutualism
Describe the structure of bacteria
Organelles are not bound, plasmids (genetic dna) are either one or more.
Define coccus
Ball shape
Define bacillus
Rod shape
Define spirillum
Spiral shape
Define Diplo
pairs of cells
Define strepto
chains of cells
Define staphylo
cluster of cells
What is conjugation
sexual reproduction of bacteria by passing a plasmid to another bacteria through a pilus
How do you treat bacterial infections
Antibiotics
Describe the shape of a virus
Capsid (protein shell), nucleic acid, some have envelope’s (part of a cell)
What is the lytic stage
Active stage of virus
What is the lysogenic stage
Dormant stage of virus
How to treat viruses
Use vaccines, weakened form of virus injected to increase immunity to virus. Antibodies are stored for this virus.
Describe the lytic cycle
- Attaches to cell
- Virus enters cell, inject RNA/DNA
- Formation of new virus parts
- Assembly of new virus
- Release
What is a protist
Eukaryotes that not fungi, plants, animals or bacteria
Name the three types of protists and a unique quality
- Plant-like protists contain chlorophyll and are autotrophic
- Protozoa can move and are heterotrophic
- Fungi-like protists secrete slime and decompose.
Name a representative species for each protist
- Algae
- Amoeba
- Water mold
Define bryophites and major adaptation
mosses, contain rhizoids (primitive roots)
Define lyctophytes and pterophytes
ferns, contain xylem and phloem (for transporting nutrients and water)
Define gymnosperms
conifers, contain cuticle (hard waxy coating that retains water)
Define angiosperms
flower growing plants, contain flower with pollen for reproduction
What is a stomata
regulates gas exchange and retains water
What is a frond
a fern leaf
What are hyphae
Treads of roots of fungi
What is mycelium
Collection of hypae
What are cell walls of fungi made of
chitin
Dikaryoitc cell
a cell formed by fusing two hyphae and has two nuclei.
What is the reproductive structure
the apparent fungus, the rest of body is mycelium and hyphae
How do fungi reproduce
Asexually by budding and sexually, sexually by forming a dikaryotic cell from spores
Characteristics of animals
motile, eukaryotic, heterotrophs and has nervous system
State types of symmetry
radial and bilateral
What is cephalization
The bundle of nerves that create a head
What is coelom
The fluid field space reserved for internal organs
List all the invertebrate phylums
- Porifera
- Cnidera
- Worms
- Mollusks
- Echinoderms
- Arthropoda
What is metamorphasis
The transformation from one species to another like tadpole to frog
What is an amniotic egg
eggs that can be laid on dry land.
Development of heart
Amphibians-Three chambered heart
Reptiles- 3 chambered heart (septated)
Birds- 4 chambered heart
Mammal- 4 chambered heart
Development of lungs
Amphibians- breath through skin, primitive lungs
Reptile-Internal folding
Birds- lungs with air sacs
Mammal- lungs with air sacs
