CHAPTER 1C: Weather Basis (Meteorology) Flashcards
electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun
Solar Radiation
rate at which solar radiation reaches the upper limits of earth atmosphere on a surface normal to the incident radiation and at earth’s mean distance from the sun
Solar Constant
Common value of Solar Constant
1,374 W/m2
“short” wavelengths (range 0.1 to 4.0 μm)
Solar radiation
“long” wavelengths (4.0 to 50 μm)
Terrestrial radiation
percent of the incoming solar
radiation that is reflected from
a surface
Albedo
affects the solar radiation received at any
location and time
Sun-Earth Geometry
when the sun is farthest
from the earth (occurs about
July 4)
APHELION
when the sun is nearest
from the earth (occurs about
January 3)
PERIHELION
when the sun’s apparent path is displaced farthest north (Tropic of
Cancer) or south (Tropic of Capricorn) from the earth’s equator.
Solstice
2 Types of Solstice
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
when the sun passes directly over the equator or when the sun’s
apparent path and plane of the earth’s equator coincide.
Equinox
occur because the tilt of the Earth’s axis keeps constant as the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Seasons
Weather becomes stormy when______ falls and becomes fair when it rises
air pressure
instrument used to
measure pressure
Barometer
amount of heat energy possessed
by an object
Temperature
amount of water
vapor in the air
Humidity
measures
the amount of water in the
air in relation to the
maximum amount of water
vapor (moisture). The higher
the temperature, the more
water vapor the air can hold.
Relative humidity
Air would rise near the equator and travel in the
upper atmosphere toward the poles, then cool, descend into the lower
atmosphere, and return toward the equator.
Hadley Circulation
produces the changes in wind direction and velocity
towards the equator
Coriolis effect
heated air ascends at the equator,
proceeds toward the poles
at upper levels, loses heat
and descends toward the
ground at latitude 30°
Tropical Cell
driven frictionally by the other two;
its surface air flows toward the pole, producing prevailing westerly air flow in the mid-latitudes
Middle Cell
air rises at 60° and flows toward the poles
at upper levels, then cools and flows back to 60° near
the earth’s surface
Polar Cell
There are ____ types of climate in the philippines
4 (Type I to Type IV)
