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HYDROLOGY MT > CHAPTER 1C: Weather Basis (Meteorology) > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1C: Weather Basis (Meteorology) Flashcards

1
Q

electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun

A

Solar Radiation

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2
Q

rate at which solar radiation reaches the upper limits of earth atmosphere on a surface normal to the incident radiation and at earth’s mean distance from the sun

A

Solar Constant

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3
Q

Common value of Solar Constant

A

1,374 W/m2

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4
Q

“short” wavelengths (range 0.1 to 4.0 μm)

A

Solar radiation

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5
Q

“long” wavelengths (4.0 to 50 μm)

A

Terrestrial radiation

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6
Q

percent of the incoming solar
radiation that is reflected from
a surface

A

Albedo

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7
Q

affects the solar radiation received at any
location and time

A

Sun-Earth Geometry

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8
Q

when the sun is farthest
from the earth (occurs about
July 4)

A

APHELION

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9
Q

when the sun is nearest
from the earth (occurs about
January 3)

A

PERIHELION

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10
Q

when the sun’s apparent path is displaced farthest north (Tropic of
Cancer) or south (Tropic of Capricorn) from the earth’s equator.

A

Solstice

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11
Q

2 Types of Solstice

A

Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice

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12
Q

when the sun passes directly over the equator or when the sun’s
apparent path and plane of the earth’s equator coincide.

A

Equinox

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13
Q

occur because the tilt of the Earth’s axis keeps constant as the Earth revolves around the Sun.

A

Seasons

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14
Q

Weather becomes stormy when______ falls and becomes fair when it rises

A

air pressure

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15
Q

instrument used to
measure pressure

A

Barometer

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16
Q

amount of heat energy possessed
by an object

A

Temperature

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17
Q

amount of water
vapor in the air

A

Humidity

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18
Q

measures
the amount of water in the
air in relation to the
maximum amount of water
vapor (moisture). The higher
the temperature, the more
water vapor the air can hold.

A

Relative humidity

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19
Q

Air would rise near the equator and travel in the
upper atmosphere toward the poles, then cool, descend into the lower
atmosphere, and return toward the equator.

A

Hadley Circulation

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20
Q

produces the changes in wind direction and velocity
towards the equator

A

Coriolis effect

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21
Q

heated air ascends at the equator,
proceeds toward the poles
at upper levels, loses heat
and descends toward the
ground at latitude 30°

A

Tropical Cell

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22
Q

driven frictionally by the other two;
its surface air flows toward the pole, producing prevailing westerly air flow in the mid-latitudes

A

Middle Cell

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23
Q

air rises at 60° and flows toward the poles
at upper levels, then cools and flows back to 60° near
the earth’s surface

A

Polar Cell

24
Q

There are ____ types of climate in the philippines

A

4 (Type I to Type IV)

25
Q

a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. It is characterized by convective activity which generates often vigorous thunderstorms over large areas.

A

ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone)

26
Q

general term for a weather system in which winds rotate inwardly to an area of low atmospheric pressure.

A

Cyclone

27
Q

For large weather systems, the circulation pattern is in a _________ in the Northern Hemisphere and a _______ in the Southern
Hemisphere.

A

counterclockwise direction; clockwise direction

28
Q

Tropical Cyclones Classifications

A
  1. Tropical Depression
  2. Tropical Storm
  3. Severe Tropical Storm
  4. Typhoon
  5. Super Typhoon
29
Q

Tropical Cyclones Classification: winds of up to 61 kph

A

tropical depression

30
Q

Tropical Cyclones Classification: winds of up 62-88 kph

A

tropical storm

31
Q

Tropical Cyclones Classification: winds of up to 89-117 kph

A

Severe tropical storm

32
Q

Tropical Cyclones Classification: winds of up to 118-220 kph

A

typhoon

33
Q

Tropical Cyclones Classification: winds exceeding 220 kph

A

super typhoon

34
Q

PAGASA’s storm warning system: winds of 30-60 kph in next 24 hrs

A

Signal #1

35
Q

PAGASA’s storm warning system: winds of 61-120 kph in next 24 hrs

A

Signal #2

36
Q

PAGASA’s storm warning system: winds of 121-170 kph in next 18 hrs

A

Signal #3

37
Q

PAGASA’s storm warning system: winds of 171-220 kph in next 12 hrs

A

Signal #4

38
Q

PAGASA’s storm warning system: winds of 220 kph in next 12 hrs

A

Signal #5

39
Q

A part of tropical cyclone structure which has area of heaviest rain and strongest wind speeds

A

Eye Wall

40
Q

A part of tropical cyclone structure which has area where the wind and rain are lightest

A

Eye

41
Q

If a storm originates from North Atlantic Ocean, central North Pacific Ocean, and eastern North Pacific Ocean

A

Hurricane

41
Q

If a storm originates from Northwest Pacific Ocean

A

Typhoon

42
Q

If a storm originates from South Pacific and Indian Ocean

A

Tropical Cyclone

42
Q

transition zone between two different air masses at the Earth’s surface.

A

Front

43
Q

Types of Front

A
  1. Cold Front
  2. Warm Front
  3. Occluded Front
  4. Stationary Front
44
Q
  • Summer Monsoon
  • Hot and Moist wind from Indian
    Ocean which may strengthen tropical
    cyclone
A

“Habagat” or Southwest Monsoon

45
Q
  • Winter monsoon
  • Dry and cold wind from Siberia which
    may weaken tropical cyclones
A

“Amihan” or Northeast Monsoon

46
Q

a westward-moving, wavelike disturbance of low atmospheric pressure embedded in tropical easterly winds.

A

Easterly Waves

47
Q

Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal (TCWS) #1

A

wind impact: no damage to very light damage

48
Q

Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal (TCWS) #2

A

wind impact: light to moderate damage

49
Q

Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal (TCWS) #3

A

wind impact: moderate to heavy damage

50
Q

Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal (TCWS) #4

A

wind impact: heavy to very heavy damage

51
Q

Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal (TCWS) #5

A

wind impact: very heavy and widespread damage, phenomenal

52
Q

3 Thunderstorm Warning Sytem (TSTM-WS) Warning Levels

A

INFORMATION: small chance
WATCH: likely to form in next 12 hrs
WARNING: alarming in certain areas within next 2 hrs

53
Q

3 Heavy Rainfall Warning System (HR-WS) Flooding Warning Levels

A

WARNING: flooding is possible (monitor)
ALERT: flooding is alarming (ready for evacuation)
EMERGENCY: serious flooding is damaging (evacuate)

HYDROLOGY MT (4 decks)

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