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Biology 3201 > Chapter 1A: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 1A: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Hairlike receptors on the ends of neurons

A

Dendrite

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2
Q

Basic unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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3
Q

Cell body

A

Soma ***

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4
Q

Long extension leading away from the soma/cell body

A

Axon

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5
Q

Fatty layer of tissue that surrounds an axon

A

Myelin sheath

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6
Q

Cells that help to make up the myelin sheath

A

Schwaan cell

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7
Q

Gap between neurons

A

Synapse

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8
Q

Neuron that receives incoming stimuli

A

Sensory neuron

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9
Q

Neuron that passes impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron

A

Interneuron

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10
Q

Motor connected to a muscle (effector) that carries out an impulse

A

Motor neuron

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11
Q

Firing of a neuron, also known as depolarization

A

Action potential

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12
Q

Minimum stimulus required to cause a response

A

Threshold level

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13
Q

Neuron will completely fire or not at all

A

All or none response

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14
Q

Excititatory neurotransmitter found in synapses of neurons. Stimulates skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters of the CNS

A

Adrenalin / noradrenalin

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16
Q

Outer region of the brain (cerebrum) involved in thought and reasoning

A

Cerebral cortex

17
Q

Part of the brain stem. Regulates many involuntary activities including increasing heart rate

A

Medulla oblongata

18
Q

Found at the base of the brain. Decreases heart rate

A

Vagus nerve***

19
Q

Region of the brain that controls motor coordination and balance

A

Cerebellum

20
Q

Relay Center between the medulla and cerebellum

21
Q

Band of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Relay center between left and right hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

22
Q

Support and nourish neurons in the brain

A

Glial cells ***

23
Q

Nerve tissue that is myelinated

A

White matter

24
Q

Nerve tissue that is unmyelinated

A

Grey matter

25
Q

Folds in the brain

26
Q

Protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

27
Q

Made up of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system a.k.a. CNS

28
Q

Made up of nerves supplying the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral nervous system a.k.a. PNS

29
Q

Nerve root that is connected to a sensory neuron in the spinal cord

A

Dorsal root

30
Q

Nerve root that is connected to a motor neuron

A

Ventral root

31
Q

Autonomic nervous system

32
Q

Part of the ANS. Prepares body for emergencies.

A

Sympathetic nervous system

33
Q

Part of the ANS. Brings the body back to normal after an emergency.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

34
Q

Enzyme that destroys acetylcholine in a synapse

A

Cholinesterase

35
Q

Pump in a neuron that actively removes after an action potential. Removes 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions it brings in.

A

Sodium Potassium Pump.

Biology 3201 (1 decks)

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