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Biology Unit 1: Ecology > Chapter 19.4/20.1/20.2 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 19.4/20.1/20.2 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristic of Life

A

Metabolism, reproduction, growth, homeostasis, response to stimuli, evolution, and organization/cells

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2
Q

Biotic

A

Living/was living

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3
Q

Abiotic

A

Not living/never living

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4
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The thing that is measured depends on the experiment

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5
Q

Independent Variable

A

The thing that changes and does not depend on the experiment

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6
Q

Control Variable/Constant

A

The thing(s) that stays the same

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7
Q

Prey

A

An organism that gets eaten by another organism

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8
Q

10% Rule

A

Every time energy gets passed through an organism, 10% of it is lost

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9
Q

Predator

A

An organism that eats another organism

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9
Q

Greenhouse Gas

A

Energy that get trapped in the atmosphere

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10
Q

Predator-Prey Cycle

A

Prey gets eaten by predators that get eaten by bigger predators

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11
Q

Mechanical Defense

A

A body part or appendage that serves a role in defense

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12
Q

Physical Defense

A

A physical appearance that helps protect the animal

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13
Q

Chemical Defense

A

USe of a chemical agent in defense

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14
Q

Behavioral Defense

A

a behavior or action that helps the animal survive

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15
Q

Competitive Exclusion Principle

A

When two species share the same resources in the same area but can’t survive together

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16
Q

Mimicry

A

A type of physical Defense mechanism whereby one species adapts the appearance of a different species that predators know not to mess with

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17
Q

Symbiosis

A

When two different species has a mutual relationship

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18
Q

Mutualism

A

When both organisms are benefitted

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19
Q

Commensalism

A

When one organism is benefited but the other is neither harmed nor benefitted

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20
Q

Parasitism

A

When one organism is benefitted but the other is harmed

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21
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number of different species’ total number of individuals in an area

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22
Q

Species Richness

A

The number of of species living in a particular place

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23
Q

Relative Abundance

A

The number of individuals in a species relative to the total number of individuals of all species in the system

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24
Q

Species Evenness

A

The percentages of species that are equal to each other in a species richness

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25
Q

Primary Succession

A

When new land is created through volcanic activity and is full of rocks so pioneer species can break it down

26
Q

Keystone Species

A

Species that holds an ecosystem together

26
Q

Foundation Species

A

Species that create an ecosystem that supports other species

27
Q

Environmental Disturbance

A

Disturbance/ change in an environment

28
Q

Secondary Succession

A

When a Climax Community is disturbed but can recover without pioneer species

29
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of organisms and their Abiotic environment

30
Q

Pioneer Species

A

Appears when Primary Succession happens so it can break down rocks to allow plants and animals to grow and thrive

30
Q

Climax Community

A

When a community is equilibrium after a succession

31
Q

Resilience

A

The ability to recover from a disturbance

31
Q

Equilibrium

A

A dynamic state of an ecosystem that always stays balanced/stable

31
Q

Resistance

A

The ability to withstand a disturbance

32
Q

Food Chain

A

A sequence of how one organism passes energy to another

33
Q

Food Web

A

An interconnected set of food chains

34
Q

Trophic Level

A

Producer to Primary consumers, to Secondary consumers, to Tertiary consumers, to Quaternary consumers

35
Q

Producer

A

Autographs: gets energy from sunlight; is eaten by primary consumers

36
Q

Primary Consumer

A

Eats producers; is eaten by secondary consumers

37
Q

Tertiary Consumer

A

Eats secondary consumers; is eaten by quaternary consumers

37
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

Eats primary consumers; is eaten by tertiary consumers

38
Q

Gross Primary Productivity

A

The amount carbon is turned into oxygen by all producers in an ecosystem

38
Q

Autotroph

A

Organisms that make their own food

38
Q

Quaternary Consumer

A

Eats tertiary consumers; are apex predators

39
Q

Biogeochemical Cycle

A

The six major elements, CHNOPS, that is exchanged throughout Earth by organisms and Earth’s features

39
Q

Net Primary Productivity

A

The amount of carbon produced by primary producers

40
Q

Biomagnification

A

The amount of toxins that are consumed and passed to another consumer, which increases by 10%

41
Q

CHNOPS

A

The 6 main elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

42
Q

Hydrosphere

A

The amount of fresh/salt water in the atmosphere and on/in the ground

43
Q

Water Cycle

A

Evaporation and sublimation to condensation and precipitation, to surface water flow, to surface runoff and snowmelt, to streamflow

44
Q

Evaporation

A

When liquids turns into gas

45
Q

Condensation

A

When gas turns into liquid

46
Q

Precipitation

A

Rains/snow/sleet

47
Q

Run-off

A

When water falls from the sky then flows into a water source

48
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

The movement of carbon that is exchanged throughout different organisms, Earth, and the atmosphere

49
Q

Carbon Store

A

Carbon that is stored in carbon reservoirs in the atmosphere, bodies of water, and Earth’s other features

49
Q

Carbon Sink

A

Things that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere (plants, oceans, and soil)

50
Q

Carbon Source

A

Organisms that breathe in oxygen and turns it into carbon; people burning fossil fuels

51
Q

Eutrophication

A

Then Nitrogen and Phosphorus in fertilizer get into water sources and create dead zones

51
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

How nitrogen is converted to different elements then exchanged throughout Earth’s features

52
Q

Sulfur Cycle

A

How sulfur is exchanged throughout Earth’s features and organisms

53
Q

Phosphorus Cycle

A

How it changes into different elements and exchanged throughout soil, water, and dead organic materials

Biology Unit 1: Ecology (1 decks)

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