Chapter 19.4

Question 1

The variable that is manipulated to observe it’s effects.

Answer 1

Dependent Variable

Question 2

The variable that is changed because of the the independent variable.

Answer 2

Independent Variable

Question 3

The variable that does not change.

Answer 3

Controlled Variable/Constant

Question 4

Cells, Metabolism, Reproduction, Growth, Homeostasis, Response to stimuli, Evolution

Answer 4

Characteristics of Life

Question 5

Something that is or was living

Answer 5

Biotic

Question 6

Something that is not and was never alive.

Answer 6

Abiotic

Question 7

An animal that naturally preys on others.

Answer 7

Predator

Question 8

An animal that is caught and killed by another for food.

Answer 8

Prey

Question 9

When individuals of one population that kill and eat individuals of another population.

Answer 9

Predator-Prey Cycle

Question 10

Chemical defences that prevent predation and discourage consumption.

Answer 10

Chemical Defence

Question 11

Discourage predation and herbivory by discouraging contact.

Answer 11

Mechanical Defence

Question 12

Use physical appearance, like body shape and coloration, to avoid being detected by predators.

Answer 12

Physical Defence

Question 13

A way to confuse or avoid predators to avoid being consumed.

Answer 13

Behavioral Defence

Question 14

A harmless species imitating the warning coloration of a harmful species.

Answer 14

Mimicry

Question 15

The unique set of resources used by a species, includes interactions with other species.

Answer 15

Niche

Question 16

The principle that two species cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat. (different species cannot coexist in a community if they are competing for all the same resources.)

Answer 16

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Question 17

Close, long-term interactions between individuals of different species. (Commensal, Mutual, Parasitic)

Answer 17

Symbiotic Relationships

Question 18

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

Answer 18

Mutualism

Question 19

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefitted.

Answer 19

Commensalism

Question 20

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.

Answer 20

Parasitism

Question 21

A number of different species in a particular area and their relative abundance.

Answer 21

Biodiversity

Question 22

Explain the species richness in isolated islands. Relationships between species richness, island size, and distance from mainland.

Answer 22

Island Biogeography

Question 23

The number of species living in a habitat or other unit.

Answer 23

Species Richness

Question 24

The number of individuals in a species in proportion to the total individuals of all species in a system.

Answer 24

Relative Abundance

Question 25

The commonness/ rarity of a species in a community.

Answer 25

Species Evenness

Question 26

The base of a community, has the greatest influence on its overall structure. Typically primary producers and an abundant organism.

Answer 26

Foundation Species

Question 27

A species who has excessive influence in maintaining the commonness of various species in an ecosystem, the communities structure and sometimes it’s biodiversity.

Answer 27

Keystone Species

Question 28

Non-native organisms, that when out of it’s native range, alters the community they invade.

Answer 28

Invasive Species

Question 29

Volcanoes, earthquakes, storms, fires, and climate change

Answer 29

Environmental Disturbances

Question 30

Newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living organisms (no soil)

Answer 30

Primary Succession

Question 31

A part of an ecosystem is disturbed and remnants of the previous community remain (soil)

Answer 31

Secondary Succession

Question 32

These species further break down the mineral-rich rock into soil where other species such as grasses, shrubs, and trees, will grow to eventually replace it.

Answer 32

Pioneer Species

Question 33

A community that has reached the same equilibrium state that it was at before a disaster.

Answer 33

Climax Community