Chapter 19 Testing consideration, Patient History, Mechanisms of disease and Physical Examination

Question 1

What is Transient Ischemia (TIA)

Answer 1

Fleeting neurologic dysfunction without lasting effects.

symptoms do not last more than 24 hours.

Question 2

What is often the source of Transient Ischemia

Answer 2

Heart or carotid artery

Question 3

What is reversible ischemic neurologic defecit? (RIND)

Answer 3

Brain tissue is damaged but recovers completely

Deficit takes longer than 24 hours to resolve.

Question 4

Stroke

Answer 4

Produces a permanent neurologic deficit.

Question 5

Stroke in evolution

Answer 5

Symptoms come and go; considered unstable

Question 6

Completed stroke

Answer 6

No progression of resolution of the symptoms; considered stable.

Question 7

Ischemia

Answer 7

Lack of blood due to stenosis or occlusion

Question 8

Lacunar Infarction

Answer 8

Small loss of brain tissue

Occlusion of a small penetrating artery in the brain.

Question 9

Hemorrhage

Answer 9

Ruptured aneurysm

Question 10

Stenosis

Answer 10

abnormal narrowing of a vessel

Question 11

Fatty Streak

Answer 11

Thin layer of hypoechoic lipid material on the intimal layer

Question 12

Fibrous plaque

Answer 12

Accumulation of lipids covered by more lipid material, collagen and elastic fiber deposits

Question 13

Complicated lesion

Answer 13

Fibrous plaque containing fibrous tissue, more collagen, calcium and cellular debris.

Question 14

Fleeting neurologic symptoms that is known to cause bilateral visual blurring is consistent with

Answer 14

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency (VBI)

Question 15

What distinguishes a CVA from a TIA, RIND, and VBI?

Answer 15

A CVA consist of a stroke that has caused permanent damage

Question 16

Atherosclerosis often forms where?

Answer 16

beneath the intimal lining.

Question 17

This is a disorder of the metabolism of insulin, and causes chronic complications of the vasculature.

Answer 17

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 18

This is a disorder consist of excessive lipids in plasma that may lead to the development of atherosclerosis.

Answer 18

Hyperlipidemia

Question 19

What is known to irritate the endothelial lining of the arteries and cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 19

Tobacco

Question 20

What are the two most common mechanisms (the process by which something takes place) of cerebrovascular disease?

Answer 20

Ischemia and Hemorrhage

Question 21

A localized accumulation of lipid containing material, smooth muscle, collagen, fibrin, and platelets is called…

Answer 21

atherosclerosis

Question 22

Where does atherosclerosis usually occur within the arterial tree?

Answer 22

at bifurcations/branch points

Question 23

The most frequent source of an embolism is…

Answer 23

The heart

Question 24

A Hollenhorst plaque is…

Answer 24

a plaque located in the vessel of the retina

Question 25

The source of the Hollenhorst plaque is the….

Answer 25

ipsalateral ICA

Question 26

An aggregation of blood trapped in a network of fibrin is…

Answer 26

Thrombosis

Question 27

If you observe a pulsatile mass in the cervical neck region, it is most likely …

Answer 27

a tortuous carotid vessel

Question 28

Takayasu’s and Temporal Arteritis cause what to occur to the vessel.

Answer 28

Inflamation

Question 29

What are all major blood vessels involved in supplying the anterior circulation

Answer 29

1. ACA
   2.ICA
2. MCA

Question 30

What are all major blood vessels involved in supplying the posterior circulation

Answer 30

1. PCA
2. Va
   3.BA

Question 31

Which vessels cause lateralizing symptoms when obstructed?

Answer 31

anterior cerebrovascular circulation