Chapter 19 Study questions Flashcards
. A tumor is
a. a malignant growth.
b. any abnormal growth of cells.
c. a benign growth.
d. a cancerous growth.
e. a carcinoma.
b. any abnormal growth of cells.
. A tumor of an epithelial cell is a(n)
a. carcinoma.
b. sarcoma.
c. leukemia.
d. lymphoma.
e. adenoma
a. carcinoma.
The most lethal form of cancer in the United States is _______ cancer.
a. breast
b. prostate
c. lung
d. colon
e. skin
c. lung
Cancer is usually caused by
a. a cancer virus.
b. an inherited oncogene.
c. the stepwise breakdown of normal cell regulatory processes.
d. X-rays.
e. carcinogenic chemicals
c. the stepwise breakdown of normal cell regulatory processes.
. The dramatic increase in cancer incidence with age suggests that
a. cancer is caused by old age.
b. genetic factors are not involved.
c. cancer arises primarily in differentiated, nondividing tissues.
d. cancer develops as a consequence of multiple abnormalities that accumulate over many years.
e. older people are unable to mount an immune response against cancer cells.
d. cancer develops as a consequence of multiple abnormalities that accumulate over many years.
Which of the following is evidence for the single-cell origin of a tumor?
a. All cells in one tumor express the same oncogenes.
b. In a tumor from a female, some cells have one X chromosome inactivated and some have the other X chromosome inactivated.
c. All cells in one tumor from a female have the same X chromosome inactivated.
d. All cells in a tumor express both sex chromosomes, whether they be X or Y.
e. All cells in a tumor from a male express the Y chromosome genes. T
c. All cells in one tumor from a female have the same X chromosome inactivated.
Tumor initiation occurs in a
a. single protein molecule.
b. single cell.
c. few cells.
d. single tissue.
e. single organ.
b. single cell.
Ultraviolet radiation increases the likelihood of a cell’s becoming malignant primarily because UV radiation
a. induces melanocytes to express more melanin.
b. causes breaks in DNA.
c. makes RNA polymerase more error-prone.
d. causes mutations in DNA.
e. inhibits apoptosis.
d. causes mutations in DNA.
Estrogen increases the risk of breast and uterine cancers because it
a. inhibits differentiation.
b. causes DNA damage.
c. turns on the BRCA oncogenes.
d. acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation.
e. blocks apoptosis.
d. acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation.
Which of the following is most likely to increase the likelihood of contracting cancer?
a. Drinking a glass of wine a day
b. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day
c. Kissing a person who has cancer
d. Breathing the sawdust from a crown gall tumor
e. Being exposed to the sun ten minutes per day
b. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day
. Compared to their normal counterparts, leukemic cells
a. fail to differentiate.
b. continue to proliferate.
c. fail to undergo apoptosis.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
d. All of the above
. Oncogenes were first discovered in
a. a chicken retrovirus.
b. a human DNA virus.
c. mouse cancer cells.
d. human cancer cells.
e. a human retrovirus
a. a chicken retrovirus.
