Chapter 19 - Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500~1750

Question 1

Ottoman Empire

Answer 1

Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Otto- man Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.

Question 2

Suleiman the Magnificent

Answer 2

The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520– 1566); also known as Suleiman Kanuni, “The Lawgiver.” He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean.

Question 3

Janissaries

Answer 3

Infantry,originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.

Question 4

Tulip Iranian kingdom (1502–1722) estab- lished by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state.Period

Answer 4

(1718–1730) Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul.

Question 5

Safavid Empire

Answer 5

Iranian kingdom (1502–1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state.

Question 6

Shi’ites

Answer 6

Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali. Shi’ism is the state religion of Iran.

Question 7

Hidden Imam

Answer 7

Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali, whom Shi’ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time.

Question 8

Shah Abbas I

Answer 8

The fifth and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran (r. 1587–1629). Abbas moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598.

Question 9

Mughal Empire

Answer 9

Muslim state (1526–1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Question 10

Akbar

Answer 10

Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556–1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.

Question 11

mansabs

Answer 11

In India,grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire.

Question 12

Rajputs

Answer 12

Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar married a Rajput princess.

Question 13

Acheh Sultanate

Answer 13

Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641.

Question 14

Oman

Answer 14

Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southeast region of the Arabian peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century.

Question 15

Swahili

Answer 15

Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.

Question 16

Batavia

Answer 16

Fort established ca. 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta.