Chapter 19 - Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500~1750 Flashcards

1
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Otto- man Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.

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2
Q

Suleiman the Magnificent

A

The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520– 1566); also known as Suleiman Kanuni, “The Lawgiver.” He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean.

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3
Q

Janissaries

A

Infantry,originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.

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4
Q

Tulip Iranian kingdom (1502–1722) estab- lished by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state.Period

A

(1718–1730) Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul.

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5
Q

Safavid Empire

A

Iranian kingdom (1502–1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state.

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6
Q

Shi’ites

A

Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali. Shi’ism is the state religion of Iran.

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7
Q

Hidden Imam

A

Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali, whom Shi’ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time.

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8
Q

Shah Abbas I

A

The fifth and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran (r. 1587–1629). Abbas moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598.

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9
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Muslim state (1526–1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

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10
Q

Akbar

A

Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556–1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.

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11
Q

mansabs

A

In India,grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire.

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12
Q

Rajputs

A

Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar married a Rajput princess.

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13
Q

Acheh Sultanate

A

Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641.

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14
Q

Oman

A

Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southeast region of the Arabian peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century.

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15
Q

Swahili

A

Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.

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16
Q

Batavia

A

Fort established ca. 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta.