Chapter 19 - Planning, Zoning, and Environmental Hazards (1%)

Question 1

Section 19.1: GOVERNMENT PLANNING

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.B: THE PLANNING PROCESS:::

Answer 1

 Planning in U.S. dates back to the
colonial period
 Government did not interfere in
economic affairs In the 1800’s due to
an attitude of Laissez-faire (hands-off)
 Supreme Court ruling (1926) that
zoning was legal based on the
overriding benefits to the community

Question 2

Section 19.1: GOVERNMENT PLANNING

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.B: THE PLANNING PROCESS:::

Planning Goals

Answer 2

 Planning attempts to regulate growth
 Create optimal social and economic
environment
 Maximize number of properties that
achieve highest and best use
 Ensure adequate provision of services
 Reduce cost of growth
 Prevent losses in value due to non
compatible uses

Question 3

Section 19.2: FLORIDA’S COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.B: THE PLANNING PROCESS:::

Answer 3

 Local
     Counties or municipalities
     Regulatory authority of use of land
     Local planning agency
 Regional
     Land use planning
     Infrastructure
 State
     Provides standards and processes
     Ensures that infrastructure is included in
    plans

Question 4

Section 19.2: FLORIDA’S COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.A: LOCAL PLANNING AGENCY:::

Answer 4

The governing body of each local government designates a LOCAL PLANNING AGENCY.

The agency may be a local planning commission, the planning department of the local government, or other instrumentality, including a countywide planning entity.

The planning agency must include a representative of the school district, appointed by the school board.

The governing body may designate itself as the local planning agency with the addition of a nonvoting school board representative.

All meetings of the agency must be public meetings, and agency records are public records.

 Authority in three areas:
 Site plans
 Sign control
 Subdivision plan approval

Question 5

Section 19.2: FLORIDA’S COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.B: THE PLANNING PROCESS:::

Florida’s Growth Management Act of 1985

Answer 5

 Florida Growth Management Act
 Requires that local governments
develop land use plan
 Coordinate with surrounding localities
 Goal: limit and control growth
 Infrastructure must be in place before
building permits issued

Question 6

Section 19.2: FLORIDA’S COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.B: THE PLANNING PROCESS:::

Concurrency

Answer 6

 Minimum level of infrastructure
     Sanitary sewer
     Solid waste
     Drainage
     Potable water

Question 7

Section 19.2: FLORIDA’S COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.B: THE PLANNING PROCESS:::

Preparing the Comprehensive Plan

Answer 7

 Population
 Demographic - most important

 Thoroughfare
 Existing roadway system

 Physiographic
 Soil types and load-bearing capacity

 Economic Base - existing industries
 Basic, primary, or “export” economic activities
- brings money into area
 Service, or secondary economic activities -
recirculates money in the community. E.g.
restaurants, bank branch office

 Existing Land-use
 Inventory of land
 Identifies trends
 Provided basis for future planning

 Recreation and Community Facilities
 Inventory of public facilities such as parks &
convention centers
 Anticipate future needs

 Plan must be flexible

Question 8

Section 19.3: ZONING, LAND USE RESTRICTIONS, AND BUILDING CODES

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.C: ZONING LAWS AND CODE ENFORCEMENT:::

Answer 8

** Police power
** Promotes the health, safety and
welfare of the citizens
 Primary tool to implement the
Comprehensive Plan

Question 9

Section 19.3: ZONING, LAND USE RESTRICTIONS, AND BUILDING CODES

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.C: ZONING LAWS AND CODE ENFORCEMENT:::

/* Zoning Classifications

Answer 9

• /** Residential
  
  • /** Based on DENSITY (units per acre)

** Commercial
** Based on degree of INTENSITY (Type and
amount of traffic)

** Industrial
** Based on degree of INTENSITY
*** Bulk zoning – height and total land
coverage required

 Agricultural
 Type is not classified, livestock or crops

• ** Special Use (public) zoning
  
  • ** Government owned
  • ** schools, courthouse, parks, etc.

Question 10

Section 19.3: ZONING, LAND USE RESTRICTIONS, AND BUILDING CODES

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.C: ZONING LAWS AND CODE ENFORCEMENT:::

** Zoning Board of Adjustment

Answer 10

 Provides flexibility

** Variance
** Request to vary from literal interpretation:
** Owner must show undue hardship
** Cannot be self-imposed
** Board must apply same fair
standards to all applicants

 Special Exception
 Request to depart from zoning
 Use may not be incompatible
 E.g church in a residential area

** Nonconforming Use
** Legally nonconforming
** Land use existed prior to enactment of
zoning code
** Usually may be continued, with certain
limitations
** “Grand fathered” into acceptance
 Illegal nonconforming use
 Violation of existing zoning ordinances

Question 11

Section 19.4: BUILDING CODES

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.C: ZONING LAWS AND CODE ENFORCEMENT:::

** Building Codes

Answer 11

• • Establish minimum standards
    
    • • Design for construction of buildings
• • Codes
    
    • • Electrical
    • • Plumbing
    • • Insulation
    • • Fire protection
    • • Support systems

Question 12

Section 19.5: MODERN PLANNING TRENDS

:::STATE EXAM CONTENT AREA: XIX.C: ZONING LAWS AND CODE ENFORCEMENT:::

** Planned Unit Development (PUD)

Answer 12

 Permits a mix of land uses along with
a high density of residential units
     Single family
     Multifamily
     Condominiums
     Apartments
     Commercial
     Light industrial
 Developers must reserve areas for
common usage
     ZERO LOT LINES
 Also called CLUSTER ZONING
 Buffer zones
     Planned space between different zoning
    categories