Chapter 19: Early Latin America Flashcards
In order to administer its Latin American possessions, the Spanish crown
a) permitted nobles to administer lands without any royal oversight.
b) retained local Indian rulers as clients provided they were loyal to Spain.
c) built an elaborate bureaucracy headed by viceroys.
d) transferred political authority to Catholic bishops and priests.
c) built an elaborate bureaucracy headed by viceroys.
The encomieda system, the hacienda system, and the mita all had what in common?
a) They were royal taxes that colonists had to pay to the Spanish crown.
b) They made land grants to immigrants, who worked the land and paid a percentage of their profit to Spain.
c) They were systems designed to extract forced labor from the native Americans.
d) They were units of colonial administration in New Spain.
c) They were systems designed to extract forced labor from the native Americans.
In reaction to the reported atrocities and harsh treatment of the Indians by the conquistadors, the Spanish crown
a) ignored complaints and supported the conquerors.
b) created courts of inquiry and put the conquerors on trial for their crimes.
c) often agreed with those who defended the Indians, but did not stop the abuses.
d) appointed the Catholic priests in the colonies to be the protectors of the Indians.
c) often agreed with those who defended the Indians, but did not stop the abuses.
The dislocation of indigenous or native plants and animals around the world by European crops and domesticated animals, and the devastation of native peoples by European diseases is referred to as
a) the Great Die-Off.
b) the Great Migration.
c) the Columbian Exchange.
d) Ecological Imperialism.
c) the Columbian Exchange.
The export of silver from the Americas led to all of these outcomes EXCEPT
a) the increasing impoverishment and bankruptcy of Spain.
b) discouraging foreign rivalry and pirate activities.
c) the acceleration in the global exchange of silver for Chinese luxuries Europeans desired.
d) causing a sharp inflation in Western Europe.
a) the increasing impoverishment and bankruptcy of Spain.
The existence of the society of castas in Latin American societies was an indication of what social factors in the colonies?
a) the blending of European, African, and Native American patriarchal ideas into a syncretic blend Of patriarchy
b) a growing cultural fusion in the formation of Latin America
c) the enduring medieval Spanish hierarchies survived and flourished in the colonies
d) the decreasing importance of the native peoples and the growing importance of African slave labor
b) a growing cultural fusion in the formation of Latin America
Which of the following best describes the results of both the Bourbon Reforms and the Pombal Reforms?
a) The reforms ended the use of slavery and forced labor taxes, but crippled the sugar plantation and mining economies by doing so.
b) The colonial economies became less dependent upon their European masters’ economies.
c) 18th century Spanish and Portuguese colonial governments became much more responsive to the colonial peoples.
d) The activist governmental policies made the creoles and the native peoples dissatisfied with their governors in Europe.
b) The colonial economies became less dependent upon their European masters’ economies.
