Chapter 19 - Civil Rights

Question 0

Suspect classifications

Answer 0

Classifying people based on race and ethnicity

Courts have ruled that laws people by this are subject to strict scrutiny

Question 1

Civil rights

Answer 1

Rights of citizens to:
Vote
Receive equal treatment before the law
Equally share benefits of public facilities with other citizens

Question 2

Jim Crow

Answer 2

Slang expression for blacks that emerged in the 1820s that went to signify laws and government practices meant to separate blacks from whites

Question 3

Separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 3

Doctrine saying that state can provide “separate but equal” facilities for blacks

Question 4

“De jure” segregation

Answer 4

Racial segregation occurring because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies

Question 5

“De facto” segregation

Answer 5

Racial segregation occurring because of patterns of residential settlement

Question 6

Nonviolent civil disobedience

Answer 6

A philosophy of opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully violating it and allowing someone to be punished as a result

Question 7

Strict scrutiny

Answer 7

Standard by which the Supreme Court judges classifications based on race

(To be accepted, a classification must be closely related to a “compelling” public purpose)

Question 8

Affirmative action

Answer 8

Requirement by law (or administrative regulation) that an organization take positive steps to increase number of proportion of:
Women Black Any other minorities

Question 9

Reverse discrimination

Answer 9

Using race or gender to give preferential treatment to some people

Question 10

Equality of opportunity

Answer 10

View that it’s wrong to use race or gender to discriminate against or give preferential treatment to minorities or women

Question 11

Compensatory action

Answer 11

Action designed to help members of disadvantaged groups catch up

(Usually minorities and women and they usually catch up through extra education, training, or services)