Chapter 19: Chemical Thermodynamics

Question 1

spontaneous reaction

Answer 1

one that occurs on its own without any outside assistance; it is irreversible (if it is reversed, it is not spontaneous)

Question 2

most spontaneous reaction are…..

Answer 2

exothermic; they “roll down the hill”

Question 3

example of an endothermic spontaneous process

Answer 3

melting at temperatures above the M.P. because when ice melts, heat is coming in to the ice (the system)

Question 4

entropy

Answer 4

a measure of disorder in a system and determines whether a process is spontaneous

Question 5

the more disordered or random a system….

Answer 5

the larger its entropy

Question 6

is entropy a state function?

Answer 6

YES

Question 7

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

every spontaneous change is accomplished by an increase in the entropy of the universe
(system + surroundings > 0) or (universe >0)

for a reversible process - (universe = 0)

Question 8

the spontaneity of a process is determined by the relative signs and magnitudes of system and surrounding enthalpies

Answer 8

hjkl