Chapter 19 Adrenergic blocking drugs Flashcards
What do Adrenergic blockers bind to?
Adrenergic receptors
What results do you get from an adrenergic blocker binding to an adrenergic receptor?
Blocks or inhibits stimulation of the SNS
What specific type(s) of receptors do adrenergic blockers bind to?
Alpha and Beta
How do Adrenergic blockers get classified?
by the type of adrenergic receptor they block, alpha 1 and 2 receptors or beta 1 and 2 receptors
Adrenergic blockers have the opposite effect of __________ _____
Adrenergic drugs
How do Adrenergic blockers work?
Inhibit or Lyse sympathetic stimulation
What are Adrenergic blockers also know as?
Adrenergic antagonists Sympatholytics alpha-blockers beta-blockers alpha-beta blockers
Adrenergic blockers’ drug effects cause both arterial and venous dilation, what pathophysiological results come from that?
Reduces peripheral vascular resistance Reduces B.P. (blood pressure)
What effect do alpha-adrenergic blockers have on the receptors on the prostate gland and bladder?
they decrease resistance to urinary outflow, thus reducing urinary obstruction and relieving effects of BPH (enlarged prostate)
Alpha blockers are prodominantly used to treat hypertension. true or false?
true
What type of blockers are used to control and prevent hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma?
Alpha Blockers
Alpha blockers cause both ______ and ________ dilation
venous and arterial (vasodilation)
What is Phentolamine and what does it do
It is a very powerful alpha blocker it restores bloodflow and prevents tissue necrosis
List some of the Alpha blockers adverse effects on the Cardiovascular system
palpitations orthostatic hypotension tachycardia edema dysrhythmias chest pain
Alpha blockers predominant response is ____________
vasodilation
List some of the Alpha blockers adverse effects on the CNS
*dizziness * depression *fatigue *headache *vertigo *drowsiness *weakness *anxiety *numbness
List some of the Alpha blockers adverse effects on the GI (gastrointestinal) tract
*nausea *vomiting *diarrhea *constipation *abdominal pain
What are some other adverse effects of Alpha blockers on areas of the body not associated with the systems listed (cardio v, CNS, GI)?
*incontinence *nosebleed *tinnitus *dry mouth *pharyngitis *rhinitis
List two common alpha blockers
* phentolamine (Regitine) * tamsulosin (Flomax)
What do Beta Blockers block stimulation of?
Beta receptors in the SNS
Which Catecholamines (NT) do Beta blockers compete with?
Epi and NE
Beta blockers can be both selective and nonselective. What do nonselective Beta blockers block? (both…..)
both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
Beta1 receptors are located primarily where?
on the heart
what is the specific name given to beta blockers that are selective for beta1 receptors?
cardioselective beta-blockers
Beta2 receptors are located primarily on what?
smooth muscle of bronchioles and blood vessels
What is the mechanism for action for cardioselective beta-blockers (beta1 )?
- reduce SNS stimulation of the heart
- decrease HR
- Prolong SA node recovery
- slow conduction rate of impulses through the AV node
- decrease myocardial contractility, thus reducing myocardial oxygen demand
Nonselective beta-blockers (beta1 and beta2)
cause the same effects on the heart as the cardioselective beta-blockers.
true or false?
true
Nonselective Beta-blockers _________ bronchioles, resulting in narrowing of airways and shortness of breath
constrict
Nonselective beta-blockers produce ________________ of blood vessels
(effect on beta1 and beta2 )
vasoconstriction
What are some of the Indications for use of a beta-blocker?
- Angina
- Cardio protective
(inhibits stimulation from circulating catecholamines)
- dysrhythmias
- migraine headache
- anti-hypertensive
- heart failure
- glaucoma
