Chapter 19 Flashcards
7 ways blood helps maintain homeostasis
1) transport gases, nutrients, and waste products
2) transport of processed molecules
ex. Vitamin D produced in skin, transported to liver by blood
3) transport of regulatory molecules (enzymes&hormones)
4) regulation of pH & osmosis
5) reg of temp
6) protect against foreign substances
7) clot formation
Normal pH range in body
7.35-7.45
Define blood
Connective tissue consisting of liquid matrix containing cells and fragments
Facts about blood
Female adult has 4-5 L
Male adult has 5-6 L
Blood makes up 8% body weight
% of plasma and formed elements in blood
55% plasma, 45% formed elements
Plasma composition
Mostly water, 7% protein
Where is formed elements originated from
Red bone marrow
Formed elements
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Colloid
Liquid containing suspended substances that do not settle
3 major proteins in plasma
Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
Albumin
Regulates water movement between tissues and blood, maintains blood colloid osmotic pressure
Globulins
Transport many substances, ex is antibodies
Fibrinogen
Forms blood clots
Serum
Plasma without clotting factor
Formed elements derived from
Hemocytoblasts
Hemocytoblasts give rise to 2 stem cells
Myeloid and lymphoid
Myeloid stem cells give rise to
RBC platelets and WBC
Lymphoid stem cells give rise to
Lymphocytes
Erythropoiesis
Production of red blood cells
- kidneys produce erythropoietin to stimulate*
- takes about 4 says*
Red blood cells contain
Hemoglobin and anhydrase
Hemoglobin molecule contains
4 heme and 4 globin molecules
- heme transport O2
- globin transport CO2
Iron required for O2 transport
Carbonic anhydrase involved w CO2 transport
Describe erythropoiesis production
1) stem cells in red bone marrow create erythroblasts
2) erythroblasts loose nuclei and are released into blood as reticulocytes
3) loss of ER produces RBC
Function WBC
Protect against microorganisms and remove dead cells/debris
5 types of WBC
1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils reduce inflammation
3) Basophils release histamine&involved w/increasing inflammation response
4) lymphocytes, produce antibodies
5) monocytes leave blood, enter tissue and become macrophages