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Cell Biology > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two ways cells can communicate with each other

A

Directly or through the extracellular matrix

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2
Q

Network of proteins and polysaccharides that are secreted by the cell; directly bears mechanical stresses of tension and compression

A

Extracellular matrix

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3
Q

This junction allows neighboring cells to adhere together

A

Anchoring junctions

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4
Q

Seals gap between epithelial cells

A

Tight junction

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5
Q

Connects intermediate filaments in one cell to those in the next cell; provides mechanical strength; involves non classical cadherin proteins

A

Desmosome

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6
Q

Connects actin filament bundle in one cell with that in the next cell

A

Adherens junction

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7
Q

Anchors intermediate filament into cell to extracellular matrix

A

Hemidesmosome

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8
Q

Anchors actin filaments in cell to extracellular matrix

A

Actin linked cell matrix junction

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9
Q

Does not allow any passage of molecules between cell spaces; form barriers; usually formed between cells at the upper lateral surface

A

Tight junctions

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10
Q

Allow passage of molecules between neighboring cells

A

Gap junctions

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11
Q

These proteins are found in adherins and desmosome junctions( the anchoring junctions)

A

Cadherins

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12
Q

These proteins are found in hemidesmosomes and actin- linked cell matrix junction ( anchoring junctions)

A

Integrins

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13
Q

What are two types of cadherins

A

Classical

Non classical

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14
Q

What do cadherins need to perform the adhering function

A

Ca2+

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15
Q

Cadherins have _______ adhesion

A

Homophilic

They bind to cadherins if same or closely related subtype

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16
Q

What ions bind to hinge regions of cadherin domains; if these are absent what happens to cadherin structure

A

Ca2+

Collapses

17
Q

These are adaptor proteins that aid in linking cadherins to actin filaments in adherens junction

A

Catenins

18
Q

This binds when the alpha catenin has a conformational change due from tension

A

Vinculin bind to actin filaments and strengthens junction

19
Q

This is composed of a long row of transmembrane homophilic adhesion proteins

A

Tight junction

20
Q

What proteins are involved with tight junctions

A

Claudin

Occludin

21
Q

What adaptor proteins are involved with tight junctions

A

Zona occludin

22
Q

Multi domain proteins that allow many proteins to bind to generate the tight junction

A

Zona occludens

23
Q

Allow transport of small water soluble molecules between neighboring cells

A

Gap junctions

24
Q

What channel forming proteins compose the gap junctions

A

Connexins ( vertebrae)

Innexins ( invertebrates)

25
Q

6 connexins polymerize to form

A

Hemi channel - connexon

26
Q

Same connexins that form a comnexon

A

Homomeric

27
Q

Different connexins that form a connexon

A

Heteromeric

28
Q

Connexons that are homomeric and form a channel

A

Homotypic

29
Q

For the connexons to have a homotypic and hetertypic channels what is significant about this characteristic

A

Allows for transport of variety of molecules

30
Q

What are some cells that secrete ECM

A

Fibroblasts in connective tissues

31
Q

These are highly charged polysaccharides that have a repeating disaccharide

A

GAGs

32
Q

Aid I. Organizing the matrix and help in attaching cells to the matrix

A

Glycoproteins

Fibronectin

33
Q

This protein is a dimer that are joined at c terminus with disulfide bonds ; can bind to collagen , integrins

A

Fibronectins

34
Q

What is the degradation of the ECM mediated by

A

Matrix metallopeoteases > depend on Ca Zn for activity

Serine proteases

35
Q

What links ECM to the cytoskeleton

A

Integrins

Cell Biology (10 decks)

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