Chapter 19

Question 1

Brazil’s capital, named by Kubitschek’s

Answer 1

Brasília

Question 2

Breaking up large estates and opposed that land to peasants

Answer 2

Land reform

Question 3

Quality of life, which is judged by the amount of goods people have

Answer 3

Standard of living

Question 4

Slowdown in the economy

Answer 4

Recession

Question 5

Institutional Revolutionary Party (in Mexico)

Answer 5

PRI

Question 6

System where power is shared between state governments and a central authority like the US

Answer 6

Federal system

Question 7

Temporary military rule

Answer 7

Martial law

Question 8

Opponents of government policy

Answer 8

Dissidents

Question 9

Complete separation of the races

Answer 9

Apartheid

Question 10

African National Congress (ANC) leader

Answer 10

Nelson Mandela ✅

Question 11

The ruling committee of the communist party

Answer 11

Politburo

Question 12

Youngest Soviet leader since Stalin

Answer 12

Mikhail Gorbachev ✅

Question 13

Openness

Answer 13

Glasnost

Question 14

Economic restructuring

Answer 14

Perestroika

Question 15

Polish labor union that during the 1980s became the main force of opposition to communist rule in Poland

Answer 15

Solidarity ✅

Question 16

Union leader, became national hero

Answer 16

Lech Walesa ✅

Question 17

The merging of the two Germany’s

Answer 17

Reunification

Question 18

Member of parliament and former mayor of Moscow

Answer 18

Boris Yeltsin

Question 19

Commonwealth of Independent States

Answer 19

CIS

Question 20

Plan: Abrupt shift to free-market economies

Answer 20

Shock therapy

Question 21

Policy that was intended to rid Bosnia of its Muslim population

Answer 21

Ethnic Cleansing

Question 22

1970s Chinese leader, tried to restrain radicals during cultural revolution

Answer 22

Zhou Enlai

Question 23

1980 man who emerged as the most powerful leader in China

Answer 23

Deng Xiaoping

Question 24

Called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology

Answer 24

Four Modernizations

Question 25

Huge public space in the heart of Beijing

Answer 25

Tiananmen Square

Question 26

Thriving business center and British colony on the southeastern coast of China

Answer 26

Hong Kong

Question 27

Name four common democratic practices.

Answer 27

Free elections, citizen participation, Majority rule and minority rights, and constitutional government

Question 28

What group held up democratic progress in both Brazil and Argentina until the 1980s?

Answer 28

Military dictators

Question 29

What brought about the civil war in Nigeria?

Answer 29

Fighting between Ethnic groups

Question 30

Name three significant steps towards democracy taken by South Africa in the 1990s.

Answer 30

• Electing presidents
• repealing apartheid laws
• first universal elections

Question 31

What were the main reforms promoted by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev?

Answer 31

Glasnost which was a policy known as openness, perestroika which was an idea of economic restructuring, and democratization allowed for free elections

Question 32

Which Eastern European nations overthrew Communist governments in 1989?

Answer 32

Poland, Hungary and East Germany

Question 33

What was the August Coup and how did it end?

Answer 33

Sent tanks and soldiers to go against the parliament. In the end army refused to attack the parliament and Gorbachev returned to Moscow.

Question 34

What led to the breakup of Yugoslavia?

Answer 34

Rivalries among nationalities.

Question 35

What changes took place in China during the 1970s?

Answer 35

China opens its door between them and US. Ping reforms economy in free market system

Question 36

How did the Chinese government react to demands for democratic reform?

Answer 36

Army attacked protestors