Chapter 19 Flashcards
Brazil’s capital, named by Kubitschek’s
Brasília
Breaking up large estates and opposed that land to peasants
Land reform
Quality of life, which is judged by the amount of goods people have
Standard of living
Slowdown in the economy
Recession
Institutional Revolutionary Party (in Mexico)
PRI
System where power is shared between state governments and a central authority like the US
Federal system
Temporary military rule
Martial law
Opponents of government policy
Dissidents
Complete separation of the races
Apartheid
African National Congress (ANC) leader
Nelson Mandela ✅
The ruling committee of the communist party
Politburo
Youngest Soviet leader since Stalin
Mikhail Gorbachev ✅
Openness
Glasnost
Economic restructuring
Perestroika
Polish labor union that during the 1980s became the main force of opposition to communist rule in Poland
Solidarity ✅
Union leader, became national hero
Lech Walesa ✅
The merging of the two Germany’s
Reunification
Member of parliament and former mayor of Moscow
Boris Yeltsin
Commonwealth of Independent States
CIS
Plan: Abrupt shift to free-market economies
Shock therapy
Policy that was intended to rid Bosnia of its Muslim population
Ethnic Cleansing
1970s Chinese leader, tried to restrain radicals during cultural revolution
Zhou Enlai
1980 man who emerged as the most powerful leader in China
Deng Xiaoping
Called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology
Four Modernizations
Huge public space in the heart of Beijing
Tiananmen Square
Thriving business center and British colony on the southeastern coast of China
Hong Kong
Name four common democratic practices.
Free elections, citizen participation, Majority rule and minority rights, and constitutional government
What group held up democratic progress in both Brazil and Argentina until the 1980s?
Military dictators
What brought about the civil war in Nigeria?
Fighting between Ethnic groups
Name three significant steps towards democracy taken by South Africa in the 1990s.
- Electing presidents
- repealing apartheid laws
- first universal elections
What were the main reforms promoted by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev?
Glasnost which was a policy known as openness, perestroika which was an idea of economic restructuring, and democratization allowed for free elections
Which Eastern European nations overthrew Communist governments in 1989?
Poland, Hungary and East Germany
What was the August Coup and how did it end?
Sent tanks and soldiers to go against the parliament. In the end army refused to attack the parliament and Gorbachev returned to Moscow.
What led to the breakup of Yugoslavia?
Rivalries among nationalities.
What changes took place in China during the 1970s?
China opens its door between them and US. Ping reforms economy in free market system
How did the Chinese government react to demands for democratic reform?
Army attacked protestors
